Английская Википедия:Connacht Irish

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:IPA-ga notice Шаблон:Infobox language

Файл:Iers.jpg
An Irish-language sign in County Galway

Connacht Irish (Шаблон:Lang-ga) is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Connacht. Gaeltacht regions in Connacht are found in Counties Mayo (notably Tourmakeady, Achill Island and Erris) and Galway (notably in parts of Connemara and on the Aran Islands). Connacht Irish is also spoken in the Meath Gealtacht Ráth Chairn and Baile Ghib. The dialects of Irish in Connacht are extremely diverse, with the pronunciation, forms and lexicon being different even within each county.

The Irish of South Connemara is often considered the "standard" Connacht Irish owing to the number of speakers however it is unique within Connacht and has a lot more idiomatic connection to extinct dialects in North Clare (for example "acab" instead of "acu" in the rest of Connacht). Words such as Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang tend to be pronounced with a Munster accent in South Connemara whereas in Joyce Country, Galway City and Mayo they are pronounced with the Ulster pronunciation. In addition to this the standard in Connacht would be to pronounce the words Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang as "leofa" and "dófa" however in South Connemara and Aran they are pronounced "leothab" and "dóib". Lexical and pronunciation differences exist within Mayo with Tourmakeady featuring an "í" sound in vowel endings much more commonly. In addition to this the lexicon of Dún Chaocháin to the east of Belmullet tends to be far more Ulster influenced than that of Eachléim (Шаблон:Lang vs Шаблон:Lang) and there is a huge Ulster influence on the dialect of North Mayo in general owing to historic migration. The Irish of Eachréidh na Gaillimhe and Dúiche Sheoigheach tend to share more phonetic commonalities with neighbouring Mayo than with South Connemara

Documented sub-dialects include those of Cois FharraigeШаблон:Refn and Conamara Theas,Шаблон:Refn both of which are in Galway, and Erris in Mayo.

Lexicon

Some differences between Mayo and Galway are seen in the lexicon:

Mayo Galway Gloss
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang I hear
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Difficult
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang New
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Sore

Some words used in Connacht Irish that are not found in other dialects include:Шаблон:Sfn

Connacht Standard Gloss
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Meet, uses verbal noun of Шаблон:Lang
Шаблон:Lang - Young child; Mayo, Munster & Ulster: Young boy
Шаблон:Lang Munster: Шаблон:Lang Kitchen

Variant spellings include:

Connacht Standard Gloss
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang verbal noun of Шаблон:Lang: To come
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Again
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Captain
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Cousin
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Farm, Farmer
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Ever / Never

Variants distinctive of, but not unique to Connacht include:

Phonology

The phonemic inventory of Connacht Irish (based on the Tourmakeady accentШаблон:Sfn) is as shown in the following chart (see International Phonetic Alphabet for an explanation of the symbols). Symbols appearing in the upper half of each row are velarized (traditionally called "broad" consonants) while those in the bottom half are palatalized ("slender"). The consonant Шаблон:IPA is neither broad nor slender.

Consonant
phonemes
Labial Coronal Dorsal Glottal
Bilabial Labio-
dental
Labio-
velar
Dental Alveolar Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar
Plosive Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
        Шаблон:IPA
 
Шаблон:IPA
 
 
Шаблон:IPA
 
Шаблон:IPA
     
Шаблон:IPA
 
Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
 
Шаблон:IPA
 
   
Fricative/
Approximant
    Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
 
Шаблон:IPA
  Шаблон:IPA
 
    Шаблон:IPA
 
   
Шаблон:IPA
   
Шаблон:IPA
 
Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
 
Шаблон:IPA
 
Шаблон:IPA  
Nasal   Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
          Шаблон:IPA
 
  Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
    Шаблон:IPA    
Шаблон:IPA
  Шаблон:IPA
 
   
Tap                   Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
               
Lateral
approximant
              Шаблон:IPA
 
  Шаблон:IPA
Шаблон:IPA
    Шаблон:IPA            

The vowels of Connacht Irish are as shown on the following chart. These positions are only approximate, as vowels are strongly influenced by the palatalization and velarization of surrounding consonants.

Файл:Connacht Irish vowel chart.svg

In addition, Connacht has the diphthongs Шаблон:IPA.

Some characteristics of Connacht that distinguish it from the other dialects are:

Morphology

Nouns

In some dialects of Connacht the plural endings Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang are always replaced by -annaí and -achaí. It is also common in many Gaelic-speaking areas of Connemara that the dative singular form of all 2nd declension nouns has been generally adopted as the nominative, giving these nouns the typical ending in palatalized consonants in the nominative singular. This is indicated in the spelling by the letter i before the final consonant.

Connemara form Standard form Gloss
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Plural ending
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Shoe
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Craft
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Ear
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Foot, Leg
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Hand

Verbs

Irish conjugation is characterized by having a mixture of synthetic forms (Шаблон:Lang), which provide information about person and number in the verb ending, and analytic forms (Шаблон:Lang), which require the addition of a pronoun. In Galway and Mayo, as in Ulster, the analytic forms are used in a variety of forms where the standard language has synthetic forms, e.g. Шаблон:Lang "we praise" (standard Шаблон:Lang) or Шаблон:Lang "they would praise" (standard Шаблон:Lang). However, the synthetic forms, including those no longer included in the standard language, may be used in answering questions.

Connemara Standard Gloss
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang I make/do
Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang I eat

Connacht Irish favours the interrogative pronoun Шаблон:Lang and forms based on it such as Шаблон:Lang, "when" instead of Munster Шаблон:Lang, or Шаблон:Lang instead of Munster/Ulster Шаблон:Lang. Relative forms of the verb such as Шаблон:Lang for Шаблон:Lang, "will be", or Шаблон:Lang, "do", for Шаблон:Lang are frequently used.

Notable speakers

Шаблон:Expand section Some notable Irish singers who sing songs in the Connacht Irish dialect include Seosamh Ó hÉanaí, MacDara O Conaola, Darach Ó Catháin, Seán Mac Donncha and Máire Áine Ní Dhonnchadha.

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Literature

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Music

External links

Шаблон:Wikisourcelang

Шаблон:Gaeltacht Шаблон:Irish linguistics Шаблон:Gaelic literature Шаблон:Connachta