Английская Википедия:Conopophaga

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Automatic taxobox

Conopophaga is a genus of birds in the gnateater family. Its members are found in forest and woodland in South America.

Taxonomy and species list

The genus Conopophaga was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot.[1] The name combines the Ancient Greek kōnōps meaning "gnat" with -phagos meaning "-eating".[2] The type species was subsequently designated as the chestnut-belted gnateater by George Robert Gray in 1840.[3][4] The genus now contains ten species, all with "gnateater" in their common names.[5]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Файл:Conopophaga lineata -Parque Estadual Turistico da Cantareira, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg Rufous gnateater Conopophaga lineata eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Sul north to central Brazil
Файл:Conopophaga aurita Chestnut-belted Gnateater (male), Novo Airão, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg Chestnut-belted gnateater Conopophaga aurita Amazonia and the Guianas
Файл:Conopophaga aurita - Chestnut-belted gnateater.jpg Black-breasted gnateater Conopophaga snethlageae Amazonian Brazil.
Файл:Chupa dente de capuz.jpg Hooded gnateater Conopophaga roberti northern Brazil
Ash-throated gnateater Conopophaga peruviana western Amazon Basin of Brazil, Peru and Ecuador
Файл:Conopophaga cearae - Ceara gnateater.jpg Ceará gnateater Conopophaga cearae Brazilian states: Ceará, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande Do Norte, and Alagoas
Slaty gnateater Conopophaga ardesiaca Yungas of Bolivia and eastern Peru
Файл:Conopophaga castaneiceps 2.jpg Chestnut-crowned gnateater Conopophaga castaneiceps Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
Файл:Conopophaga melanops -Vale do Ribeira, Juquia, Sao Paulo, Brazil -male-8.jpg Black-cheeked gnateater Conopophaga melanops Brazil
Файл:Conopophaga melanogaster - Black-bellied Gnateater (male); Carajás National Forest, Pará, Brazil.jpg Black-bellied gnateater Conopophaga melanogaster Amazon Basin of Brazil and northern Bolivia

Distribution and habitat

Gnateaters are birds found in the undergrowth of forest, woodland, and bamboo stands, with most species in the Amazon Basin, the Atlantic Forest, and the East Andean slopes. All are associated with dense thickets. While they are always found near the ground, seldom rising more than 1.5 m up, they also seldom travel or spend much time on the ground itself (though they do feed there; see diet).[6]

They are round, short-tailed, and long-legged birds, about Шаблон:Convert in length. They are quite upright when standing. They are sexually dimorphic, with various shades of brown, rufous, olive, white, grey and black being the dominating colours. Most Conopophaga species have a white tuft behind the eye.[6]

Food and feeding

Gnateaters are insectivorous as the group name implies. They feed mostly using two methods; one is to perch above the forest floor until prey is spotted, then lunge down to the ground to snatch it; having landed on the ground to snatch a prey item, it will not remain on the forest floor for more than a couple of seconds. The second method used by gnateaters is to glean insects directly from the foliage, trunks, and branches of low vegetation. Typical prey items include spiders, caterpillars, insect larvae, grasshoppers and beetles; individuals of some species have also been observed eating fruit, and in one case a frog.[6]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

  • Rice, Nathan H. (2005b): Further Evidence for Paraphyly of the Formicariidae (Passeriformes). Condor 107(4): 910–915. [English with Spanish abstract] Шаблон:Doi PDF fulltext

Шаблон:Passeriformes Шаблон:Taxonbar

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book Peters incorrectly gives the page in Gray 1840 as 41.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Шаблон:Cite book
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