Английская Википедия:Convoy HX 126
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Atlantic Campaign
Convoy HX 126 was the 126th of the numbered series of World War II HX convoys of merchant ships from HalifaX to Liverpool. Шаблон:Toclimit
Prelude
The ships departed Halifax on 10 May 1941.[1] At this time, there were no escorts to provide protection against U-boats for the whole duration of the journey across the North Atlantic. For the first leg of the crossing, the only escort was the armed merchant cruiser Шаблон:HMS which task was to provide protection against merchant raiders.
On the U-boat side, the submarines were reorganized in the group West after the attack on convoy OB 318 and were sent to scout for convoys ever more westward.[2]
Action
On 19 May, the U-boat Шаблон:GS found the convoy and she directed the other boats of the group West. The group began their attacks on 20 May. The first attack of U-94 in the early morning misses, but in a second attack she sank one[3] or two ships.[4][2] Then contact with the convoy is lost. The next U-boat, Шаблон:GS found the convoy at noon. In two attacks U-556 sank three ships.[3] As the convoy was still unescorted at the time, it started to break up.
Шаблон:GS discovered the large 13,000-ton tanker San Felix and damaged it with a torpedo, but the tanker did not belong to HX 126. It was an outbound vessel from the dispersed convoy OB 322.[5] In the evening Шаблон:GS sank the freighter Rothermere. Around the same time U-94 regained contact with the convoy and sank the tanker John P. Pedersen. Just before midnight, Шаблон:GS sank the straggler Harpagus with two torpedoes. Harpagus had fallen behind to rescue survivors from Norman Monarch. The 12th escort group, which comprised at the time five destroyers, four corvettes and two anti-submarine trawlers, arrived and started to round up the dispersed ships and reform the convoy. Five of the escorts find U-109 and damage the submarine with depth charges. As a result U-109 aborted to France.[6]
In the early morning of 21 May, Шаблон:GS struck the tanker Elusa which was later scuttled. Шаблон:GS was damaged and forced to abort to France by depth charge attacks from the corvette Шаблон:HMS and a destroyer (either Шаблон:HMS[4] or Шаблон:HMS[7]). Upon learning that a strong escort has arrived, German command disengaged the U-boats and reformed them in a new patrol line further south. Only U-111 is left in place in order to transmit decoy radio signals. On 22 May U-111 found and sank Barnby which either straggled or romped from the convoy.
Ships in the convoy
Allied merchant ships
A total of 33 merchant vessels joined the convoy, either in Halifax or later in the voyage.[8] Surviving ships reached Liverpool on 28 May.[1]
| Name | Flag | Tonnage (GRT) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Athelprincess (1929) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,882 | |
| Barnby (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,813 | Straggled and sunk by Шаблон:GS[9] |
| Baron Carnegie (1925) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,178 | |
| Baron Elgin (1933) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,942 | |
| Bente Maersk (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,722 | |
| British Freedom (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,985 | Straggled 20 May |
| British Security (1937) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,470 | Sunk by Шаблон:GS[10] |
| British Splendour (1931) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,138 | |
| Шаблон:SS (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,995 | Sunk By Шаблон:GS[11] |
| Darlington Court (1936) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,974 | Sunk By Шаблон:GS[12] |
| Dorelian (1923) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,431 | |
| Eemland (1906) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,188 | Straggled 20 May |
| Elusa (1936) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,235 | Sunk By Шаблон:GS[13] |
| Empire Kudu (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,622 | |
| Gretavale (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,586 | |
| Hada County (1921) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,853 | |
| Harpagus (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,173 | Sunk By Шаблон:GS.[14] Rescue Ship |
| Havsten (1930) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,161 | |
| Hindustan (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,245 | Rear-Admiral F B Watson DSO (Commodore) |
| John P Pedersen (1930) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,128 | Sunk By Шаблон:GS[15] |
| Karabagh (1932) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,427 | |
| Morgenen (1930) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,093 | |
| Nicoya (1929) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,364 | |
| Norman Monarch (1937) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,718 | Sunk By Шаблон:GS[16] |
| Regent Panther (1937) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 9,556 | |
| Ribera (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,559 | Straggled 20 May |
| Rosewood (1931) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,989 | Iceland |
| Rothermere (1938) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,356 | Sunk By Шаблон:GS[17] |
| Salando (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,272 | Returned |
| Tongariro (1925) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,720 | |
| Toward (1923) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,571 | Rescue Ship |
| Westport (1918) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,665 | Joined Ex Convoy SC 31 |
| Winona County (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,159 | Returned |
Convoy escorts
A series of armed military ships escorted the convoy at various times during its journey.[8] Only one escort was present during the German attacks.
References
Bibliography
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Hague p.127
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Rohwer &Hummelchen, p.62
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Blair, p.286
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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