Английская Википедия:Convoy HX 212
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Atlantic Campaign
Convoy HX 212 was the 212th of the numbered series of World War II HX convoys of merchant ships from HalifaX to Liverpool.[1] The ships departed New York City on 18 October 1942[2] and were met on 23 October by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group A-3 consisting of the United States Coast Guard Шаблон:Sclass2 Шаблон:USCGC, the destroyer Шаблон:USS and the Шаблон:Sclass2s Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS and Шаблон:HMCS. The first five escorts had worked together previously, but the last three corvettes were attached to the convoy only for passage to the eastern Atlantic in preparation for assignments on Operation Torch. Summerside was the only escort equipped with modern Type 271 centimeter-wavelength radar.[3]
Background
As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the second happy time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) or commander in chief of U-Boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through B-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.[4] However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.[5]
26 October
U-436 reported the convoy and shadowed it without being detected by the convoy escort.[6]
27 October
U-436 launched five torpedoes at 2110Z hitting Sourabaya, Gurney Newlin and Frontenac. Alberni and Summerside dropped back to rescue survivors from the torpedoed ships.[3]
28 October
U-606 torpedoed Kosmos II on the starboard side at 0345Z. Barrwhin dropped back to rescue survivors, and both ships were sunk while the convoy proceeded ahead. A patrolling Consolidated B-24 Liberator from No. 120 Squadron RAF in Iceland prevented five U-boats from reaching attack positions during daylight hours but Bic Island and Pan-New York were torpedoed after sunset.[3]
29 October
Northern routing enabled the convoy to pass through the narrowest portion of the air gap, and continuous daylight air patrols forced the U-boats to lose contact with the convoy.[3] The Naval trawlers Bodo and Molde escorted the convoy through the Western Approaches on 1 November; and the convoy reached Liverpool on 2 November.[7]
Ships in convoy
| Name [7] | Flag [7] | Dead [8] | Tonnage (GRT)[7] | Cargo [8] | Notes [7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abraham Lincoln (1929) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,740 | General Cargo | Carried convoy vice-commodore CAPT B B Grant RNR; survived this convoy and convoy HX 229 | |
| Arc Light (1906) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,949 | |||
| Barrwhin (1929) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 24 | 4,998 | 8,200 tons grain & stores | Veteran of convoy PQ 11; sunk 29 October by U-436 |
| Шаблон:USS (1909) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,670 | Explosives | ||
| Belgian Gulf (1929) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,237 | Petrol | Survived this convoy and convoy HX 229 | |
| Bic Island (1917) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,000 | General Cargo | Straggled and sunk by U-224 | |
| British Vigilance (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,093 | Benzine & 130 passengers | Survived this convoy to be sunk 3 months later in convoy TM 1 | |
| C.J.Barkdull (1917) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,773 | Diesel oil | Survived this convoy to be sunk 1/10/1943 [9] by U 632[10] | |
| Cairnesk (1926) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,007 | General Cargo | ||
| Cape Breton (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,044 | Phosphates | ||
| City of Lille (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,588 | Wheat | ||
| Coptic (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,629 | Refrigerated & General Cargo | ||
| Cymbula (1938) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,082 | Petrol | ||
| Dorchester (1926) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,649 | From Newfoundland to Greenland; survived this convoy to be sunk 3 months later in convoy SG 19 | ||
| Empire Bronze (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,142 | Paraffin & Aviation Gasoline | ||
| Empire Dickens (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 9,819 | Petrol | ||
| Шаблон:MV (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,194 | Petrol | ||
| Esso Bayway (1937) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,699 | Furnace Fuel Oil | ||
| Exchester (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,999 | Stores | ||
| Exilona (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,971 | Steel | Survived this convoy, convoy ON 166 and convoy HX 300 | |
| Fairfax (1926) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,649 | From Newfoundland to Greenland | ||
| Fort a la Corne (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,133 | General Cargo | ||
| Fort Amherst (1936) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,489 | |||
| Francis Parkman (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,176 | Stores | Liberty ship | |
| Frontenac (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,350 | Fuel Oil | Damaged 27 October by U-436, but survived to sail with convoy HX 300 | |
| Gdynia (1934) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,636 | General Cargo | ||
| Gulfgem (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,917 | Furnace Fuel Oil for Scapa Flow | ||
| Gurney E Newlin (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 60 | 8,225 | 12,000 tons petrol & paraffin | Sunk 27 October by U-436 & U-606 |
| Helgoy (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,614 | General Cargo | ||
| Jamaica Planter (1936) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,098 | Refrigerated & General Cargo | Carried convoy commodore VADM W DE M Egerton | |
| Katy (1931) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,825 | Petrol | ||
| Kosmos II (1931) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 40 | 16,966 | 21,000 tons crude oil | Damaged 27 October by U-436 and sunk on 28 October by U-606 & U-624 |
| Lancastrian Prince (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,914 | General Cargo | Veteran of convoy ON 67 | |
| Laurelwood (1929) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,347 | furnace fuel oil | ||
| Mahia (1917) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,014 | Refrigerated | ||
| Matthew Luckenbach (1918) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,848 | Steel & General Cargo | Returned to Canada; sunk 5 months later in convoy HX 229 | |
| Ocean Courier (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,178 | General Cargo | Liberty ship | |
| Pacific Shipper (1924) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,290 | General Cargo | ||
| Pan-New York (1938) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 42 | 7,701 | 12,500 tons petrol | Sunk 29 October by U-624 |
| Pan-Rhode Island (1941) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,742 | Aviation Gasoline | Survived this convoy and convoy HX 229 | |
| Paul H Harwood (1918) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,610 | Diesel Oil | ||
| R.G.Stewart (1917) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 9,229 | |||
| Saint Bertrand (1929) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,522 | General Cargo | ||
| Salinas (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,422 | |||
| Sarpedon (1923) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 11,321 | Refrigerated | ||
| Skaraas (1936) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 9,826 | Oil | ||
| Snar (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,176 | |||
| Sourabaya (1915) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 77 | 10,107 | 7,800 tons furnace fuel oil | Sunk 27 October by U-436 |
| Southern Princess (1915) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 12,156 | Furnace Fuel Oil | Survived this convoy to be sunk 5 months later in convoy HX 229 | |
| Thomas B Robertson (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,176 | stores | Liberty ship; survived this convoy and convoy ON 166 | |
| Topdalsfjord (1921) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,271 | Sugar & Timber | ||
| Tudor Prince (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,914 | General Cargo | ||
| Zacapa (1909) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,488 | Valuable cargo | ||
| Zoella Lykes (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,829 |
See also
Notes
References
- Английская Википедия
- North Atlantic convoys of World War II
- Naval battles of World War II involving Canada
- Naval battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
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- Статья из Английской Википедии
