Английская Википедия:Convoy HX 300

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Atlantic Campaign

Convoy HX 300 was the 300th of the numbered series of World War II HX convoys of merchant ships from Halifax to Liverpool. It started its journey on 17 July 1944 and was the largest convoy of the war, comprising 166 ships.

Background

These HX convoys had been established shortly after declaration of war; and the first sailed on 16 September 1939.[1] Ships in convoy were less vulnerable to submarine attack than ships sailing independently, but the Allies had difficulty providing an adequate number of escorting warships to establish a protective perimeter for detecting and defeating approaching submarines. British Admiralty operations research scientists evaluating convoy battles of 1941 and 1942 determined losses of ships in convoy were independent of convoy size, but varied with the number of attacking submarines and, when patrol aircraft were unavailable, with the number of escorting warships. They suggested convoy losses could be reduced by 64 percent by decreasing the frequency of convoys to increase the average number of merchant ships in each convoy from 32 to 54 and the number of escorting warships from 6 to 9.[2] Additional reduction of losses was theoretically possible with even larger convoys, but difficulties maneuvering large formations of ships and providing port services for simultaneous arrival of so many ships discouraged very large convoys until trade convoy escort warships were required to support the Invasion of Normandy. More than one hundred ships sailed in each of 7 ON convoys and 9 HX convoys during the summer of 1944. HX 300 was the largest of these with 166 merchant ships arranged in 19 parallel columns to produce a formation approximately Шаблон:Convert wide and Шаблон:Convert long.[3] Ships sailing from New York City on 17 July 1944 were joined by 30 merchant ships sailing from Halifax Harbour on 19 July, 24 sailing from Sydney, Nova Scotia on 20 July, and 3 from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador to form the largest trade convoy of the war.[4]

Файл:HMCS Pictou K146 MC-2774.jpg
Canadian corvette Pictou had survived three North Atlantic winters of U-boat wolf packs before being entrusted with the safety of the largest trade convoy of the Second World War.

Escorting warships

Ships sailing from New York were escorted by United States Navy submarine chasers SC 1338 and SC 1340, and by Western Local Escort Force (WLEF) Шаблон:Sclass Шаблон:HMCS and Шаблон:Sclass2s Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS and Шаблон:HMCS. Ships sailing from Halifax were escorted by WLEF minesweeper Шаблон:HMCS and corvettes Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS and Шаблон:HMCS. Rosthern and the escorts from New York were detached when the remaining ships from Halifax assumed responsibility for the convoy on 20 July. Ships sailing from Sydney were escorted by WLEF Шаблон:Sclass2s Шаблон:HMCS and Шаблон:HMCS, and Norwegian Шаблон:HNoMS. The escorting warships from Sydney detached from the convoy after the escorting warships from Halifax assumed responsibility for the ships from Sydney on 22 July. The four warships from Halifax were detached when Mid-Ocean Escort Force group C5 Шаблон:Sclass2 Шаблон:HMCS and corvettes Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS, Шаблон:HMCS, and Шаблон:HMCS assumed responsibility for the convoy on 24 July. The latter two corvettes had escorted the merchant ships sailing from St. Johns. Naval trawlers HMS Cape Mariato and HMS Southern Spray assumed responsibility for the convoy in the Western Approaches on 2 August. The convoy was not attacked by submarines and arrived in United Kingdom ports by 3 August 1944.[5]

Results

After the seven Canadian warships of escort group C5 brought the largest convoy of the Battle of the Atlantic safely across the mid-ocean, many of the convoy's ships began offloading food, fuel, and materials to support the civilian population of the British Isles. One ship from the convoy waited in Loch Ewe to carry supplies to the United States garrison in Iceland; nine ships waited in the Firth of Clyde until convoy JW 59 formed to carry war materials to the Soviet Union; and 46 waited at Oban until channel ports were ready for them to offload food, fuel, and ammunition for Allied armies moving east from France, and trucks, jeeps, half-tracks, and locomotives to move those supplies to the front. HX 300 was one of six hundred World War II trade convoys from North America to the British Isles. The following list describes the British, American, Norwegian, Greek, Dutch, Panamanian, Polish, Yugoslavian, French, and Swedish ships of this convoy and the cargoes they were transporting.[4]

Merchant Ships

Name[5] Flag[5] Destination[4] Tonnage (GRT)[5] Cargo[5] Notes[5]
Agia Marina (1912) Шаблон:Flagcountry Avonmouth 4,151 Grain & armoured fighting vehicles Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,244 General cargo Liberty ship fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Aleksandar I (1927) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 5,948 Sugar
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Immingham 7,181 General cargo including explosives Liberty ship joined from Halifax
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
American Press (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Port of Hull 5,131 General cargo including explosives Joined from Halifax
Ancylus (1935) Шаблон:Flagcountry Clyde 8,017 USN fuels Merchant aircraft carrier tanker ferrying a deck-load of non-operational aircraft joined from St.John's, Newfoundland
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,240 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Anna N Goulandris (1921) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 4,358 Grain Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 Explosives Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 7,181 Landing craft and locomotives Liberty ship
Athelduke (1929) Шаблон:Flagcountry Bromborough 8,966 Molasses
Athelprince (1926) Шаблон:Flagcountry Salt End 8,782 Molasses Joined from Sydney
Athelregent (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Greenock 8,881 Molasses Carried 59 spare depth charges for escorting warships
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship
Baxtergate (1925) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 5,531 Wheat Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,182 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Bente Maersk (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Firth of Clyde 5,722 Gas oil Serving as escort oiler
Bernhard (1924) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 3,563 Sugar
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship
Bonita (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 4,929 Lumber Joined from Sydney
British Colonel (1921) Шаблон:Flagcountry Leith 6,999 Gas oil Serving as escort oiler carrying 70 spare depth charges for escorting warships
British Promise (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 8,443 Alcohol Cargo loaded at Philadelphia
Cairnvalona (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry Tyne 4,929 Refrigerated general cargo Joined from Sydney fitted with HF/DF
Calobre (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry Belfast 6,891 Motor vehicles
Cataraqui Park (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Bristol 2,877 Lumber Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Newport 7,176 Explosives and poison gas Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 7,176 General cargo including locomotives Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Immingham 7,194 General cargo including explosives Liberty ship joined from Halifax
Chesapeake (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Firth of Clyde 8,955 Diesel oil and aircraft Serving as escort oiler carrying 58 spare depth charges for escorting warships
Christine Marie (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry Rochester 3,895 Woodpulp Joined from St.John's, Newfoundland
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,177 General cargo Liberty ship joined from Halifax
City of Lancaster (1924) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 3,041 Asphalt, sugar & rum
City of Leicester (1926) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 3,351 Flour & general cargo Joined from Sydney
Clan MacInnes (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Avonmouth 4,672 Flour & general cargo Joined from Halifax
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 7,198 General cargo including locomotives Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship
Clydefield (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Scapa Flow 7,365 Fuel oil
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Dalhanna (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 5,571 Lard & general cargo
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 7,181 Explosives Liberty ship
Daylight (1931) Шаблон:Flagcountry Heysham 9,180 Petrol, oil & barges
Dimitrios Chandris (1910) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 4,643 General cargo Joined form Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including explosives Liberty ship
Dramatist (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 5,443 General cargo
Eastern Guide (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry Loch Ewe 3,704 General cargo including lumber and 300 depth charges bound for Iceland
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,240 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 7,176 General cargo including locomotives Liberty ship
Elg (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Greenock 4,014 Sugar & rum
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 7,176 Locomotives & machinery Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship joined from Halifax
Elisabeth Dal (1910) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 4,258 Wheat Joined from Sydney; constructive total loss following collision
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including pontoons Liberty ship
Шаблон:MV (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 8,252 Grain Merchant aircraft carrier joined from Halifax
Шаблон:SS (1941) Шаблон:Flagcountry Avonmouth 6,327 Ore concentrates
Шаблон:SS (1921) Шаблон:Flagcountry Hartlepool 3,234 General cargo including explosives Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 7,046 Refrigerated general cargo Carried convoy commodore RADM Sir A T Tillard KBE DSO
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 7,022 Meat, flour & general cargo Joined from Halifax fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Evanger (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Tyne 3,869 General cargo including barges
Exilona (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 4,971 General cargo including motor vehicles
Ferncourt (1938) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 9,918 Diesel oil & armoured fighting vehicles Serving as escort oiler
Fluor Spar (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry Cardiff 5,055 General cargo including explosives Joined from Halifax
Fort Nipagon (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 7,132 General cargo
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,210 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 Explosives Liberty ship fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Immingham 7,176 General cargo including explosives Liberty ship
Franka (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 5,273 Sugar
Frontenac (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Portsmouth 7,350 USN fuel Serving as escort oiler carrying 10 spare depth charges for escorting warships
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Gatineau Park (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Hull 7,128 General cargo including ammunition Joined from Sydney fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,244 General cargo Liberty ship joined from Halifax fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Georgian (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 5,825 General cargo including motor vehicles
Gerard Dou (1941) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 7,242 Sugar & general cargo Carried convoy vice-commodore Vice-Admiral Sir R H O Lane-Poole KBE CB
Gerassimos Vergottis (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 6,343 Woodpulp Joined from Halifax
Glarona (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 9,912 Crude oil & aircraft
Gylfe (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Grangemouth 6,129 Diesel fuel
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,180 Military stores including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Hartlepool (1932) Шаблон:Flagcountry Tyne 5,500 Lumber Joined from Sydney
Helder (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 3,629 Sugar & rum Joined from Halifax
Henrik Ibsen (1906) Шаблон:Flagcountry Ipswich 4,671 Grain Joined from Sydney
Hoegh Hood (1936) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 9,351 USN fuel & aircraft
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Scapa Flow 7,218 USN fuel Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including explosives & motor vehicles Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Port of Hull 7,176 General cargo including explosives Liberty ship joined from Halifax
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Immingham 7,200 Explosives & machinery Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship joined from Halifax fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Jan Van Goyen (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 5,704 Sugar & powdered milk
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Firth of Clyde 7,218 USN fuel Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Glasgow 7,247 General cargo including tractors & sulfur Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including trailers Liberty ship fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Firth of Clyde 7,176 Locomotives & building materials Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,191 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship
Junior Van Noy (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 2,372 Military stores & explosives Army repair ship
Kohistan (1933) Шаблон:Flagcountry Glasgow 5,884 General cargo
Kronprinsessen Margareta (1914) Шаблон:Flagcountry Swansea 3,746 General cargo
Lansdowne Park (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 2,861 Woodpulp Joined from Halifax
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 7,176 General cargo including explosives and locomotives Liberty ship
Lista (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 3,671 General cargo including motor vehicles
Lucerna (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 6,556 Gas oil Serving as escort oiler carrying 50 spare depth charges for escorting warships
Macoma (1936) Шаблон:Flagcountry Firth of Clyde 8,069 USN fuel Merchant aircraft carrier joined from Halifax
Maliakos (1912) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 3,903 Woodpulp Joined from Sydney
Margarita Chandris (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 5,401 Grain Joined from Sydney
Maud (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 3,189 Sugar
Merchant Royal (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 5,008 Newsprint Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Mimosa (1905) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 3,071 Lumber Joined from Sydney
Minerva (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 5,883 General cargo including landing craft
Mobile City (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 6,157 General cargo Joined from Halifax
Morska Wola (1924) Шаблон:Flagcountry Garston, Merseyside 3,208 General cargo including explosives
Mount Othrys (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry Leith 6,527 Grain Joined from Sydney
Nacella (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 8,196 Aviation gasoline Fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Nanceen (1929) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 2,895 Woodpulp & motor vehicles Joined from Halifax
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,200 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Nathaniel Matthews (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Hartlepool 2,437 General cargo
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Avonmouth 7,240 General cargo Liberty ship
Norma (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 4,487 Sugar & general cargo
Norsk Tank (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 9,720 Fuel oil
Ocean Fame (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 7,173 Sugar Fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Odysseus (1913) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 4,577 Ammunition & general cargo
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,244 General cargo Liberty ship joined from Halifax
Ovula (1938) Шаблон:Flagcountry Southampton 6,256 Diesel fuel and aircraft Serving as escort oiler
Peik (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Derry 6,099 Furnace fuel oil Joined from Halifax
Pencarrow (1921) Шаблон:Flagcountry Cardiff 4,841 Grain Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 Explosives Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles and explosives Liberty ship
Pomona (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,583 General cargo Joined from Halifax
Prometheus (1925) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 6,095 General cargo including motor vehicles Joined from Halifax
Rapana (1935) Шаблон:Flagcountry Firth of Clyde 8,017 USN fuel Merchant aircraft carrier joined from Halifax
Riley (1936) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 4,993 Grain Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,191 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Rudby (1924) Шаблон:Flagcountry River Tyne 4,846 Grain Joined from Halifax
Saintonge (1936) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 9,386 USN fuel Serving as escort oiler carrying 60 spare depth charges for escorting warships
Salando (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 5,272 General cargo including motor vehicles
Samfield (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 7,219 Steel & lumber Fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Samsperrin (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 7,219 Grain
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,177 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,191 General cargo Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 Motor vehicles Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo Liberty ship joined from Halifax
San Valerio (1913) Шаблон:Flagcountry Isle of Grain 6,493 Furnace fuel oil Serving as escort oiler
Senga (1913) Шаблон:Flagcountry Glasgow 5,140 Steel & woodpulp Joined from Sydney
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Firth of Clyde 7,176 Locomotives and explosives Liberty ship fitted with Anti-torpedo Net Device
Skeldergate (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry Manchester 4,251 Woodpulp Joined from Sydney
Solstad (1927) Шаблон:Flagcountry Birkenhead 5,952 Lubricating oil
Stalowa Wola (1924) Шаблон:Flagcountry Sunderland 3,133 General cargo including explosives
Suerte (1910) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,649
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 7,210 General cargo including explosives Liberty ship
Thorshov (1935) Шаблон:Flagcountry London 9,955 Diesel fuel and aircraft Serving as escort oiler carrying 60 spare depth charges for escorting warships
Tilapa (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 5,392 Meat and general cargo Joined from Halifax
Torr Head (1937) Шаблон:Flagcountry Glasgow 5,021 Metal & general cargo Veteran of convoy ON 67; joined from Halifax
Trocas (1927) Шаблон:Flagcountry Thames 7,406 Furnace fuel oil
Tynebank (1922) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 4,651 Sugar
Voco (1925) Шаблон:Flagcountry Birkenhead 5,090 Lubricating oil Carried 60 spare depth charges for escorting warships
Шаблон:SS (1944) Шаблон:Flagcountry Soviet Union 7,210 General cargo including locomotives Liberty ship
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 7,177 General cargo including explosives Liberty ship
Wind Rush (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry Cardiff 5,586 Motor vehicles and explosives Veteran of convoy JW 51A and convoy ON 166
Winona (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry Liverpool 6,197 General cargo including ammunition and motor vehicles Veteran of convoy SC 7
Wisla (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry Bristol 3,106 General cargo Veteran of convoy ON 154; joined from Halifax
Zamalek (1921) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,567 convoy rescue ship; veteran of convoy PQ 17 and convoy SC 130
Шаблон:SS (1943) Шаблон:Flagcountry Europe 7,176 General cargo including motor vehicles Liberty ship

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Use dmy dates

  1. Hague 2000 pp.126–129
  2. Potter & Nimitz (1960) pp.557–558
  3. Potter & Nimitz (1960) pp.543–545
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 Шаблон:Cite web