Английская Википедия:Convoy HX 47
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Atlantic Campaign Convoy HX 47 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 47th of the numbered series of merchant convoys run by the Allies from Halifax to Liverpool. The convoy was attacked by German U-boats and lost three of its 58 ships.
Background
HX 47 was formed of two sections sailing from the Americas. The main body, of 37 ships departed Halifax on 2 June 1940[1] with ships gathered from the US eastern seaboard; it was led by convoy commodore Adm. BS Thesiger RN in the steamship Pacific Pioneer. It was accompanied by its ocean escort, the armed merchant cruiser HMS Esperance Bay, and a local escort, a Royal Canadian Navy destroyer. Two ships dropped out early in the voyage; Randsfjord was damaged in collision with a Greek steamer and returned for repairs, and another returned to port for degaussing.
On 8 June the convoy was joined by BHX 47, 21 ships from the Caribbean and South America, that had gathered at Bermuda, departing there on 31 May escorted by the armed merchant cruiser Шаблон:HMS and a local escort.[2]
Ranged against HX 47 were U-boats of the German Navy's U-boat Arm (UBW), on patrol in Britain's sea lanes. The UBW had just two U-boats in Southwest Approaches, Шаблон:GS and Шаблон:GS, with another, Шаблон:GS, further west.[3]
Action
On 14 June HX 47’s Western Approaches escort arrived. These were the sloops Шаблон:HMS, from escorting the outbound convoy OA 164, and Шаблон:HMS from port following a refit. During the crossing three ships had dropped out of convoy; of these, Balmoralwood, was sighted on 14 June by U-47 and sunk, 70 miles from Cape Clear Island.[4]
That evening U-38 had attacked the Greek freighter Mount Myrto, on independent passage;[5] sighting HX 47 the U-boat left the freighter in a sinking condition and stalked the convoy. Attacking after midnight of 14/15 June U-38 sank two ships, the tanker Italia[6][7] and the freighter Erik Boye.[8] The U-boat escaped and HX 47 continued without further loss.
The main body of the convoy reached Liverpool on 17 June.[1]
Conclusion
Of the 58 ships that set out, two turned back and three were sunk. 53 ships made a safe and timely arrival. HX 47 was one of two trans-Atlantic convoys attacked during June, the other, HX 49, also losing three ships. During the month as a whole the UBW sank 63 ships in the Atlantic; most of these were unescorted vessels sailing independently.[9] June 1940 was the beginning of a marked increase in successes by the U-boat Arm, referred to by them as "The Happy Time".[10]
Ships in the convoy
Merchant ships
Convoy information is from Arnold Hague's Convoyweb[11]
| Name | Flag | Tonnage (GRT) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aegeon (1919) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,285 | Aluminium and pulp |
| Andreas (1919) | Шаблон:Flag | 6,566 | Wheat |
| Anna Mazaraki (1913) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,411 | Grain |
| Annavore (1921) | Шаблон:Flag | 3,324 | Copper and General Cargo |
| Argos Hill (1922) | Шаблон:Flag | 7,178 | Steel |
| Ashby (1927) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,868 | Grain |
| Askeladden (1920) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,496 | Pitprops Diverted to Portland, Maine for degaussing |
| Balmoralwood (1937) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,834 | Wheat and 4 aircraft (deck cargo) Straggled 6 June Sunk by Шаблон:GS: 41 survivors[4] on 14 June |
| Beaverbrae (1928) | Шаблон:Flag | 9,956 | General cargo |
| Beaverhill (1928) | Шаблон:Flag | 10,041 | General cargo |
| Blairspey (1929) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,155 | Steel and timber |
| Boston City (1920) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,870 | General cargo |
| Briarwood (1930) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,019 | Pitprops |
| British Captain (1923) | Шаблон:Flag | 6,968 | Petrol |
| British Faith (1928) | Шаблон:Flag | 6,955 | Benzine |
| British Prince (1935) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,879 | General cargo |
| Cairnvalona (1918) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,929 | General cargo Vice-commodore: Adm Sir A J Davies KBE CB |
| Capsa (1931) | Шаблон:Flag | 8,229 | Crude oil |
| Clydebank (1925) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,156 | Steel and coke |
| Comedian (1929) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,122 | Cotton and lumber |
| Diplomat (1921) | Шаблон:Flag | 8,240 | General cargo |
| Dornach (1939) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,186 | Wheat |
| Egda (1939) | Шаблон:Flag | 10,050 | Petrol |
| El Aleto (1927) | Шаблон:Flag | 7,203 | Crude oil |
| Elax (1927) | Шаблон:Flag | 7,403 | Fuel oil |
| Erik Boye (1924) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,238 | Grain Sunk by Шаблон:GS: 22 survivors[8] |
| F J Wolfe (1932) | Шаблон:Flag | 12,190 | Crude oil |
| Ferncastle (1936) | Шаблон:Flag | 9,940 | Fuel oil |
| Georgios G (1918) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,289 | General cargo |
| Georgios Potamianos (1913) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,044 | General cargo |
| Germanic (1936) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,352 | Grain |
| Harborough (1932) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,415 | Grain |
| Hartbridge (1927) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,080 | Wheat |
| Hellen (1921) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,289 | Scrap iron |
| Hoyanger (1926) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,624 | Pulp and lumber |
| Italia (1939) | Шаблон:Flag | 9,973 | 13,000 tons aviation spirit Sunk by Шаблон:GS: 19 dead, 16 survivors [6] |
| Kenbane Head (1919) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,225 | General cargo |
| Loke (1915) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,421 | Copper |
| Manchester Citizen (1925) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,343 | General cargo |
| Masunda (1929) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,250 | Iron ore |
| Nailsea Manor (1937) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,926 | Grain |
| Northumberland (1915) | Шаблон:Flag | 11,558 | General cargo |
| Octavian (1938) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,345 | Wood pulp |
| Pacific Pioneer (1928) | Шаблон:Flag | 6,734 | General cargo Convoy Commodore: Adm Sir B S Thesiger KBE CB CMG |
| Randsfjord (1937) | Шаблон:Flag | 3,999 | Wheat and general cargo Collision with Georgios Potamianos, returned to port |
| Regent Panther (1937) | Шаблон:Flag | 9,556 | Petrol |
| Saimaa (1922) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,001 | General cargo |
| Salacia (1937) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,495 | Lumber |
| San Adolfo (1935) | Шаблон:Flag | 7,365 | Fuel Furnace Oil (FFO) |
| Saturnus (1940) | Шаблон:Flag | 9,965 | Petrol |
| Southgate (1926) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,862 | Steel and timber |
| Storanger (1930) | Шаблон:Flag | 9,223 | Fuel oil |
| Temple Inn (1940) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,218 | Sugar |
| Theodoros Coumantaros (1917) | Шаблон:Flag | 5,709 | Sugar; straggled 11 June |
| Thiara (1939) | Шаблон:Flag | 10,364 | Fuel and lub oil |
| Ulysses (1918) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,666 | General cargo |
| Vinemoor (1924) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,359 | Wheat and lumber |
| Zurichmoor (1925) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,455 | Steel and timber; straggled 6 June |
Escort
Escort information is from Arnold Hague's Convoyweb[12]
| Name | Flag | Ship Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| HMS Ascania | Шаблон:Navy | Armed merchant cruiser | Ocean Escort: 31 May-8 June |
| HMS Esperance Bay | Шаблон:Navy | Armed merchant cruiser | Ocean Escort: 2–15 June |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass | Western Approaches Escort: 14–17 June |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass | Bermuda Local Escort: 31 May - ? |
| Шаблон:HMCS | Шаблон:Naval | Canadian River-class destroyer | Halifax Local Escort: 2–3 June |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass | Western Approaches Escort: 14–17 June |
Axis forces
U-boat information is from Guðmundur Helgason's uboat.net[13]
| Number | Type | Navy | Contact date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:GS | IXA | Kriegsmarine | 14 June 1940 | sank Italia, Erik Boye |
| Шаблон:GS | VIIB | Kriegsmarine | no contact | sank straggler Balmoralwood 14 June 1940 |
References
Bibliography
- Blair, Clay (1996) Hitler's U-boat War Vol I Cassell Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Tarrant, VE (1989) The U-boat Offensive: 1914-1945. Arms & Armour Шаблон:ISBN
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Hague, , Arnold; HX 47 at convoyweb.org.uk
- ↑ Hague, Arnold; BHX 47 at convoyweb.org.uk
- ↑ U-boats on patrol, 12 June 1940 at uboat.net
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Mount Myrto—Greek steam merchant www.uboat.net. Retrieved 22 April 2020
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Blair p167
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Tarrant p.149
- ↑ Tarrant p.89
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Arnold Hague, HX Convoys at convoyweb.org.uk. Retrieved 22 April 2020
- ↑ U-boats attacking HX 47 www.uboat.net. Retrieved 22 April 2020
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