Английская Википедия:Convoy OG 71
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Convoy OG 71 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War. It was the 71st of the numbered OG convoys Outbound from the British Isles to Gibraltar. The convoy departed Liverpool on 13 August 1941[1] and was found on 17 August by a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor of Kampfgeschwader 40. Starting on August 19, it became the first convoy of the war to be attacked by a German submarine wolfpack, when reached by eight U-boats from 1st U-boat Flotilla, operating out of Brest. Ten ships comprising a total tonnage of 15,185 tons were sunk before the U-boats lost contact on 23 August.[2]
Legacy
This convoy was known as "Nightmare Convoy".[3] Eight merchant ships,[2] two naval escorts and over 400 people died, including 152 from the commodore's ship, Шаблон:SS (146 on August 19 and 6 survivors lost on August 22 when Empire Oak sank). The Aguila losses included the 22 "lost Wrens" (members of the Women's Royal Naval Service, or WRNS) who had volunteered for duties at Gibraltar. After this, Wrens were never sent again on passenger liners in convoys, but transported on HM ships.[4] In their honour, a new Шаблон:Sclass sloop, launched in 1942, was named Шаблон:HMS, while a Liverpool-class lifeboat, launched in 1951, was named Шаблон:Ship.[5]
Of the convoy's surviving merchant ships, five reached Gibraltar while 10 retreated to neutral Portugal.[6][7] This was described as the most "bitter act of surrender could ever come our way".[8]
The two ships from neutral Ireland were carrying British coal—after this incident, the Irish ship owners decided not to sail their vessels in British convoys and by the early months of 1942 the practice had ceased.[9]
Ships in the convoy
Allied merchant ships
A total of 23 merchant vessels joined the convoy in Liverpool.[10]
| Name | Flag | Tonnage (GRT) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:SS (1917) | Шаблон:Flag | 3,255 | Passenger ship sunk by Шаблон:GS[11] on 19 Aug, with 146 dead (another 6 survivors died when Empire Oak was lost 3 days later) Convoy Commodore's ship (Vice-Admiral P E Parker DSO) |
| Aighai (1896) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,406 | Retreated to Oporto |
| Aldergrove (1918) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,974 | Sunk by Шаблон:GS[12] on 23 Aug, with 1 dead |
| Alva (1934) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,584 | Sunk by Шаблон:GS[13] on 19 Aug |
| Cervantes (1919) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,810 | Retreated to Lisbon. |
| Ciscar (1919) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,808 | Sunk by Шаблон:GS[14] on 19 Aug |
| Clonlara (1926) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,203 | Retreated towards Lisbon. Sunk by Шаблон:GS[15] on 22 Aug, with 19 dead |
| Copeland (1923) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,526 | Rescue Ship |
| Ebro (1920) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,547 | Reached Gibraltar. |
| Empire Oak (1941) | Шаблон:Flag | 484 | Sunk by Шаблон:GS[16] on 22 Aug, with 19 dead (including 6 of 6 originally rescued from Aguila and 9 of 11 rescued from Alva) |
| Empire Stream (1941) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,911 | Retreated to Lisbon. Vice-Commodore's Ship |
| Grelhead (1915) | Шаблон:Flag | 4,274 | Retreated to Lisbon |
| Lanarhone (1928) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,221 | Arrived in Lisbon, her intended destination. |
| Lapwing (1920) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,348 | Reached Gibraltar. |
| Lyminge (1919) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,499 | Retreated to Lisbon. |
| Marklyn (1918) | Шаблон:Flag | 3,090 | Reached Gibraltar. |
| Meta (1930) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,575 | Retreated to Lisbon. |
| Petrel (1920) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,354 | Retreated to Oporto |
| Spero (1922) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,589 | Reached Gibraltar. |
| Spind (1917) | Шаблон:Flag | 2,197 | Torpedoed and damaged by Шаблон:GS & finally sunk by Шаблон:GS[17] on 23 Aug, with no deaths |
| Starling (1930) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,320 | Reached Gibraltar. |
| Stork (1937) | Шаблон:Flag | 787 | Sunk by Шаблон:GS[18] on 23 Aug, with 19 dead |
| Switzerland (1922) | Шаблон:Flag | 1,291 | Retreated to Lisbon. |
Convoy escorts
A series of armed military ships escorted the convoy at various times during its journey.[10]
| Name | Flag | Type | Joined | Left |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:HNoMS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass | 13 Aug 1941 | Sunk by Шаблон:GS[19] on 19 Aug 1941, 88 Dead |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass2 | 15 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass2 | 22 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| HMS Campanula (K18) | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass2 | 15 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| HMS Campion (K108) | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass2 | 15 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | L-class destroyer | 20 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| HMS Hydrangea (K39) | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass2 | 15 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | L-class destroyer | 20 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass sloop | 13 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Admiralty V-class destroyer | 21 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| HMS Wallflower (K44) | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass2 | 15 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Modified W-class destroyer | 22 Aug 1941 | 23 Aug 1941 |
| Шаблон:HMS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass2 | 13 Aug 1941 | Sunk by Шаблон:GS[20] on 23 Aug 1941, 68 Dead |
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
- OG.71 at convoywebШаблон:Dead link
- Convoy OG 71 at uboat.net
- ↑ Hague, pp. 175–176
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite book p. 78
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book page 46.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book, page 198.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book, page 114.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book, page 87.
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
