Английская Википедия:Convoy ON 67
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Atlantic Campaign
Convoy ON 67 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the Second World War. It was the 67th of the numbered series of ON convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The ships departed from Liverpool on 14 February 1942[1] with convoy rescue ship Toward, and were escorted to the Mid-Ocean Meeting Point by escort group B4.[2]
The escort group
On 19 February the US naval task unit TU 4.1.5 assumed escort responsibility with Шаблон:Sclasss Шаблон:USS and Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:Sclasss Шаблон:USS and Шаблон:USS and the Canadian Шаблон:Sclass2 Шаблон:HMCS.[3] EdisonШаблон:'s commanding officer, Commander Albert C. Murdaugh, USN, was the senior officer of the escort group.[3] The escort group had never operated together before.[4] Bernadou had been modified for long range escort work by replacing the fourth boiler and stack with an extra fuel tank.[5] Nicholson had the only functional radar, though the merchant ship Toward could provide support with its High-frequency direction finding (HF/DF) set.[3] Lea carried a British ASV aircraft radar with fixed antennae, but the coaxial cable to the antennae was repeatedly shorted by salt water spray.[6] Edison had no depth charge throwers, and was limited to a linear pattern rolled off the stern.[7] The American ships did not have enough binoculars. Bernadou had a 7x50 pair for the officer of the deck and a 6x30 pair for the junior officer of the deck but there were none for the lookouts.[8] The escort was reinforced on 26 February by the Шаблон:Sclass2 cutter Шаблон:USCGC.[9]
U-155
Шаблон:GS found and reported the convoy on 21 February.[10] Toward obtained a bearing on the contact report, and Lea searched the bearing unsuccessfully at dusk.[11] U-155 approached the port quarter of the convoy in the pre-dawn hours of 22 February and torpedoed the British tanker Adellen and Norwegian freighter Шаблон:MS.[11][12] Both ships sank quickly.[11] Algoma rescued eleven of AdellenШаблон:'s crew of 31 while Nicholson and Toward found 20 survivors from SamaШаблон:'s crew of 50.[11][12] U-155 crash-dived to avoid Bernadou, but the destroyer never saw the U-boat.[11] U-155 made another emergency dive while shadowing the convoy at 1042 hrs, but Edison did not detect the U-boat. Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS and Шаблон:GS found the convoy on 23 February.
U-558
U-558 approached the convoy at 2120, but repeatedly turned away to avoid BernadouШаблон:'s patrols until a squall provided cover at midnight. U-558 torpedoed the Norwegian tanker Inverarder at 0045 hrs on 24 February.[12][13] The tanker sank slowly and Toward rescued all 42 of the crew. U-558 approached again at 0230 hrs and fired a single torpedo at Edison.[13] The torpedo missed, and Edison was unaware it had been fired at.[13] U-558 torpedoed the Norwegian tanker Eidanger at 0255 hrs.[13] U-558 reloaded and at 0550 hrs torpedoed the British tankers Anadara and Finnanger, and the British freighter White Crest.[12][14] All three ships straggled and were sunk. Later that morning, the convoy commodore sent a signal to the escort commander regarding the performance of U-558: "That chap must be one of their best ones. I do hope you have done him in."[7]
U-158
Шаблон:GS found the convoy at 0425 hrs on 24 February and torpedoed the British tanker Шаблон:SS.[13] Empire Celt was using the Admiralty Net Defence system, streaming a strong steel net from Шаблон:Convert booms along either side of the ship.[15] One torpedo broke through the net and hit amidships.[16] Empire Celt later broke in half, but a tug from Newfoundland rescued 31 from the crew of 37.[16][9]
As U-558 was torpedoing ships on the starboard side of the convoy, U-158 approached the port side and torpedoed British tanker Diloma at 0635 hrs.[17] Diloma was the only one of the torpedoed ships to successfully reach Halifax.[9] Both U-158 and U-558 dived to avoid being seen in the early daylight.[18] U-558 found and sank the Eidanger, drifting and abandoned astern of the convoy, with gunfire and a torpedo.[18] All of Eidangers crew had been rescued.[12] Lea investigated a DF bearing from Toward at 1515 and spotted U-558 20 miles astern of the convoy at 1707 hrs. Lea dropped eight depth charges at 1746 hrs, and then surprised the U-boat on the surface at 1813 and dropped 14 depth charges at 1847 hrs. U-558 was undamaged.[19]
Nicholson investigated a DF bearing from Toward and sighted U-158 at 1323. U-158 dived and evaded Nicholson. Nicholson then slowed to listen. U-158 surfaced at 1550 hrs and was surprised to find Nicholson waiting Шаблон:Convert away. U-158 crashed-dived before Nicholson saw the U-boat. U-158 surfaced again at 1817 and was surprised to find Edison Шаблон:Convert away. U-158 again avoided detection by crash-diving. Edison finally spotted U-158 making another convoy approach at 2008 hrs and dropped 25 depth charges over the following six hours. U-158 was undamaged, but had been prevented from making further attacks on the convoy.[19] Admiral Karl Dönitz, the BdU or commander in chief of U-Boats, ordered his U-boats to discontinue the attack on 25 February.[9] The remainder of the convoy reached Halifax on 1 March 1942.[20]
Ships in convoy
Allied merchant ships
A total of 39 cargo vessels (37 merchant, 2 US Navy) joined the convoy, either in Liverpool or later in the voyage.[21][12]
| Name | Flag | Dead | Tonnage (GRT) | Cargo | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adellen (1930) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 36 | 7,984 | In ballast | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 22 Feb |
| Anadara (1935) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 62 | 8,009 | In ballast | Sunk by Шаблон:GS & Шаблон:GS 24 Feb |
| Belinda (1939) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,325 | Destination West Indies | ||
| Consuelo (1937) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,847 | General cargo | Destination New York City; survived this convoy and convoy HX 228 | |
| Cristales (1926) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,389 | Carried convoy vice-commodore Capt R H R MacKay OBE; in collision 24 Feb; destination Halifax | ||
| Daghestan (1941) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,248 | CAM ship; destination Halifax | ||
| Dekabrist (1903) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,363 | Destination New York City | ||
| Diloma (1939) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,146 | Damaged by Шаблон:GS; made Halifax | ||
| Dolabella (1939) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,142 | Destination Curaçao | ||
| Dromus (1938) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,036 | Destination Curaçao | ||
| Eidanger (1938) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 0 | 9,432 | In ballast | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 24 Feb |
| Шаблон:SS (1941) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6 | 8,032 | In ballast | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 24 Feb |
| Шаблон:SS (1941) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 9,813 | Destination Port Arthur | ||
| Empire (1941) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,134 | Destination Baton Rouge | ||
| Empire Spray (1941) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,242 | CAM ship; destination Halifax | ||
| Empire Steel (1941) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,138 | Destination Port Arthur | ||
| Finnanger (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 39 | 9,551 | In ballast | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 24 Feb |
| Glittre (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,409 | Destination Aruba; survived to be sunk one year later in convoy ON 166 | ||
| Gloucester City (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,071 | General cargo | Destination Philadelphia | |
| Hamlet (1934) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,578 | Joined from Iceland 19 Feb | ||
| Hektoria (1899) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 13,797 | Destination New York City; survived to be sunk 7 months later in convoy ON 127 | ||
| Idefjord (1921) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,287 | China clay | Destination Saint John, New Brunswick | |
| Inverarder (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 0 | 5,578 | In ballast | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 24 Feb |
| Lancastrian Prince (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,914 | Destination New York City; survived this convoy and convoy HX 228 | ||
| Manchester Exporter (1918) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,277 | General cargo | Carried Convoy Commodore Rear Admiral Sir O H Dawson KBE; destination Halifax | |
| Mentor (1914) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,383 | General cargo | Destination Singapore | |
| Шаблон:USS (1932) | Шаблон:Navy | 6,982 | US Navy stores ship, joined from Iceland 19 Feb | ||
| Nueva Andalucia (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,044 | Destination Port Arthur | ||
| Orari (1931) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,350 | China clay | Destination Trinidad | |
| Шаблон:USS (1939) | Шаблон:Navy | 3,600 | US Navy dry cargo ship, joined from Iceland 19 Feb; survived this convoy and Convoy SC 107 | ||
| Шаблон:MV (1935) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 8,017 | Destination Curaçao | ||
| Шаблон:MS (1936) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 20 | 1,799 | China clay | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 22 Feb |
| Skandinavia (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,044 | Destination Aruba; survived this convoy and convoy ON 166 | ||
| Strinda (1937) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,973 | Destination Key West | ||
| Stuart Prince (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,911 | General cargo | Destination Halifax; survived this convoy and convoy HX 228 | |
| Thorhild (1935) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 10,316 | Destination Curaçao | ||
| Torr Head (1937) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,021 | Destination Norfolk, Virginia | ||
| Toward (1923) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,571 | convoy rescue ship | ||
| White Crest (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,365 | coal | Straggled 18 Feb; sunk by Шаблон:GS 24 February |
Convoy escorts
A task unit of armed military ships, TU 4.1.5, escorted the convoy during its journey, joined later by a United States Coast Guard vessel.[3][21]
| Name | Flag | Type | Joined | Left |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:HMCS | Шаблон:Naval | Шаблон:Sclass2 | 19 Feb 1942 | |
| Шаблон:USS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass | 19 Feb 1942 | |
| Шаблон:USS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass | 19 Feb 1942 | |
| Шаблон:USS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass | 19 Feb 1942 | |
| Шаблон:USS | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass | 19 Feb 1942 | |
| Шаблон:USCGC | Шаблон:Navy | Шаблон:Sclass2 cutter | 26 Feb 1942 |
See also
Notes
References
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Hague (2000) p. 157,
- ↑ Rohwer & Hummelchen (1992) p. 114
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Abbazia (September 1975) p. 50
- ↑ Murdaugh (January 1976) p. 75
- ↑ Joslin (February 1976) p. 80
- ↑ Hagerman (February 1976) p. 80
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Murdaugh (January 1976) p. 74
- ↑ Joslin (February 1976) pp. 79–80
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Abbazia (September 1975) p. 57
- ↑ Rohwer & Hummelchen (1992) p. 125
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 Abbazia (September 1975) p. 51
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 12,5 Hague (2000) p. 161
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 Abbazia (September 1975) p. 53
- ↑ Abbazia (September 1975) p. 54
- ↑ Blair (1996) p. 510
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Blair (1996) p. 511
- ↑ Abbazia (September 1975) pp. 54–55
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Abbazia (September 1975) p. 55
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 Abbazia (September 1975) p. 56
- ↑ Hague (2000) p. 157
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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