Английская Википедия:Convoy SC 104
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Atlantic Campaign Convoy SC 104 was the 104th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool.[1] During October 1942, a U-boat wolf pack sank eight ships from the convoy. The convoy escorts sank two of the attacking submarines.
Background
As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the second happy time, Admiral Karl Dönitz the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) or commander in chief of U-boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through B-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.[2] However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.[3]
Forty-seven ships departed New York City on 3 October 1942 and were met by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-6 consisting of the Шаблон:Sclass2 Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:Sclass2 Шаблон:HMS, with the Norwegian-manned Шаблон:Sclass2s Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, and Шаблон:HMS and the convoy rescue ship Goathland.
Opposing this force was the U-boat Wolf pack Wotan comprising 8 boats: Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS, and Шаблон:GS.[4][5]
Action
The convoy was found and reported by U-258 on 11 October, and the other Wotan boats were ordered to join. By the evening of 12 October, U-258 had been joined by U-221 and U-356, and during the night of 12/13 October these boats attacked. U-258 and U-356 were unsuccessful, being driven off by the escorts, but U-221 was able to sink three ships: the Norwegian freighters Senta,[6] and Fagersten, and the British freighter Ashworth.
On the 13th the three U-boats continued to shadow the convoy, and were joined during the day by five other boats. On the night of the 13/14 October the wolf pack attacked again. This time U-221 sank two ships: the American freighter Susana and the British whale factory ship Southern Empress. U-607 torpedoed the Greek freighter Nellie, which later sank, but was itself attacked and severely damaged, and was forced to return to France for repairs. U-661 torpedoed the Yugoslavian freighter Nikolina Matkovic, and U-618 torpedoed the Empire Mersey.
Throughout 15 October the Wotan boats shadowed SC 104, but were unable to mount any successful attacks that night. On 15 October, Viscount detected U-661 in fog, and attacked with gunfire, ramming and depth charges. U-661 was destroyed, but Viscount was also damaged, and had to finish the voyage as part of the convoy.
On 16 October U-353 was sighted by Fame, which attacked and destroyed her by ramming, again suffering damage in the process. Command of the escort passed to LtCdr C.A. Monsen in Potentilla, who was able to make an attack on a contact later that day. No identification was made, or result credited, but post-war examination shows that U-254 was severely damaged in this attack and forced to retire to base.
On 16 and 17 October SC 104 came in range of allied air patrols, long–range B-24 Liberators and Catalina flying boats. These were able to break up any further attacks and on the 17th, Dönitz ceased further operations against SC 104.[5][7] The remainder of the voyage was unhindered, and the convoy reached Liverpool on 21 October. SC 104 lost 8 ships of 44,000 tons, with 2 escorts damaged, and saw the destruction of 2 U-boats with the damaging of 2 more.
Ships in convoy
Name[8] | Flag[8] | Dead[9] | Tonnage gross register tons (GRT)[8] | Cargo[9] | Notes[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senta (1917) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,785 | Steel & woodpulp | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 12/13 October | |
Ashworth (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 49 | 5,227 | Bauxite | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 13 October |
Fagersten (1921) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 19 | 2,342 | Steel & lumber | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 13 October |
Susana (1914) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 38 | 5,929 | Valuable general cargo | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 14 October |
Southern Empress (1914) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 48 | 12,398 | Fuel oil | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 14 October |
Nellie (1913) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 32 | 4,826 | Steel & lumber | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 14 October |
Nikolina Matkovic (1918) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 14 | 3,672 | Sugar & lumber | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 14 October |
Empire Mersey (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 16 | 5,791 | General cargo including government stores | Sunk by Шаблон:GS 14 October |
Merchant Royal (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,008 | General cargo | Carried convoy commodore Capt F H Taylor DSC RN | |
Mariposa (1914) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,807 | Explosives, steel & timber | Ship's master was convoy vice-commodore | |
Aghios Spyridon (1905) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,338 | Grain | Veteran of convoy SC 94 | |
Anna (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,173 | Grain and general cargo | ||
Anna N Goulandris (1921) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,358 | Grain | Survived this convoy and convoy HX 300 | |
Bernhard (1924) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,563 | Bauxite | Survived this convoy and convoy HX 300 | |
Bonde (1936) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,570 | General cargo | Returned to Canada; sunk 7 months later in Convoy ONS 5 | |
Boreas (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,801 | Sugar | ||
Boston City (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,870 | General cargo including explosives | Veteran of convoy SC 94 and convoy ON 127 | |
British Progress (1927) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,581 | petrol | ||
British Renown (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,997 | petrol | ||
Campus (1925) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,667 | Steel and wood | Survived this convoy and convoy ONS 5 | |
Carslogie (1924) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,786 | Steel and wood | ||
Charles Carroll (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,191 | Cased petrol & explosives | Liberty ship | |
Cydonia (1927) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,517 | Grain | Survived this convoy and convoy ONS 5 | |
Disa (1918) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,002 | Flour | ||
Empire Lightning (1940) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,942 | phosphates | Collided with Milcrest of convoy ON 132 | |
Empire Mouflon (1921) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,234 | Explosives & general cargo | Survived this convoy and convoy HX 300 | |
Empire Waterhen (1920) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,004 | General cargo | ||
Garnes (1930) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,559 | Survived this convoy and convoy SC 107 | ||
George B. McClellan (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,181 | Vitriol, cased petrol & explosives | Liberty ship | |
Georgios P (1903) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,052 | General cargo | Survived this convoy and convoy SC 122 | |
Gothland (1932) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,286 | Rescue ship | ||
Gudvor (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,280 | Survived this convoy, convoy SC 122 and convoy ONS 5 | ||
Inger Lise (1939) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,582 | lumber | Veteran of convoy SC 94 | |
Ingerfem (1912) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 3,987 | Grain | Veteran of convoy SC 94 | |
John Hathorn (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,176 | Cased petrol & explosives | Liberty ship | |
Lido (1930) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,918 | Flour | ||
Liverpool Loyalist (1932) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,416 | |||
Llangollen (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 5,056 | General cargo | ||
Mars (1925) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,582 | Flour | Veteran of convoy SC 94 | |
Nea (1921) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,877 | lumber | Veteran of convoy SC 26 | |
Ozark (1919) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,689 | Lost rudder and diverted to Iceland | ||
Peterston (1925) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,680 | Grain & lumber | ||
Porjus (1906) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,965 | phosphates | Returned to Canada; also returned from convoy SC 121 and survived convoy SC 122 | |
Prinses Maria-Pia (1938) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,588 | Sugar & bombs | ||
Ramava | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 2,141 | lumber | ||
Reigh Count (1907) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,657 | Explosives & valuable cargo | ||
Robert Morris (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,176 | Cased petrol & explosives | Liberty ship | |
Rocha (1933) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 1,471 | |||
Roxane (1929) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,813 | Fuel oil | ||
Saintonge (1936) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 9,386 | Fuel oil | Survived this convoy and convoy HX 300 | |
Saluta (1906) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,261 | Fuel oil | ||
Sinnington Court (1928) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 6,910 | Survived this convoy and convoy SC 121 | ||
Souliotis (1917) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,299 | Steel & lumber | ||
Suderoy (1913) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,562 | Fuel oil | Survived this convoy and convoy SC 121 | |
Theomitor (1910) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 4,427 | Steel & lumber | ||
Vinga (1927) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,321 | Furnace fuel oil | ||
William Johnson (1942) | Шаблон:Flagcountry | 7,191 | Cased petrol & explosives | Liberty Ship |
Losses
Date | Number | Type | Captain | Casualties | Position | Cause | By |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 October 1942 | U-661 | VIIC | Oberleutnant zur See Erich Lilienfeld[11] | 44 | Шаблон:Coord | Gunfire, depth charge, ramming | HMS Viscount |
16 October 1942 | U-353 | VIIC | Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Römer[12] | 6 | Шаблон:Coord | Depth charge | HMS Fame |
See also
Notes
References
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/sc/index.html convoy.web
- http://uboat.net/ops/convoys/convoys.php?convoy=SC-104 u.boat.net
- Английская Википедия
- North Atlantic convoys of World War II
- Naval battles of World War II involving Canada
- Naval battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
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- Страницы с телепортом
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