Английская Википедия:Convoy SC 94

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Atlantic Campaign Convoy SC 94 was the 94th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to Liverpool.[1] The ships departed Sydney on 31 July 1942[2] and were met by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group C-1.

Background

As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the Second Happy Time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (commander in chief of U-boats), shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search the area with the advantage of intelligence gained through B-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.[3] However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.[4]

Battle

Discovery on 5 August

Шаблон:GS reported the convoy on 5 August and torpedoed the Dutch freighter Spar.[5]

Attack of 6 August

AssiniboineШаблон:'s Type 286 radar spotted Шаблон:GS in a heavy fog on 6 August. The destroyer closed on the contact and briefly spotted the submarine twice before losing her in the fog. The submarine reappeared crossing the destroyer's bow at a range of Шаблон:Convert, and both ships opened fire. The range was too close for AssiniboineШаблон:'s Шаблон:Convert guns to engage, but her .50-calibre machine guns shot up the submarine's deck and conning tower. This kept the Germans from manning their Шаблон:Convert deck gun, but the Шаблон:Convert flak gun was already manned and firing. It punched holes through the destroyer's plating that set some petrol tanks on the deck afire and disabled 'A' gun. The destroyer was unable to ram U-210 until the rear 4.7-inch gun hit the conning tower, killing the entire bridge crew and the .50-caliber machine guns were able to silence the flak gun. This caused Lieutenant Sorber, the senior surviving officer, to order the submarine to dive, but this meant that she had to hold a straight course while doing so. Assiniboine was able to take advantage of this and rammed U-210 abaft the conning tower whilst she was diving. This caused the electric motors to fail, damaged her propellers and led to water entering the submarine, as a result of which Sorber ordered the ballast tanks to be blown and the submarine to be abandoned. The destroyer rammed her again when U-210 resurfaced, dropped a pattern of depth charges set to detonate at shallow depth and hit her one more time with a 4.7-inch shell before the submarine finally sank.[6]

Attack of 8 August

Шаблон:GS torpedoed the British freighter Anneberg and American freighter Kaimoku on the afternoon of 8 August while Шаблон:GS torpedoed the British freighters Kelso and Trehata and Greek freighter Mount Kassion.[7] Three undamaged ships were abandoned in the resulting panic.[5] One of them, the British freighter Radchurch, was later torpedoed by U-176.[5] The Shakespeare-class destroyer leader Шаблон:HMS and the Polish destroyer Шаблон:ORP arrived to reinforce the escort, while Dianthus left the convoy to repair damage incurred while ramming and sinking U-379.[5]

Attack of 10 August

Шаблон:GS torpedoed the Greek freighter Condylis in daylight on 10 August while Шаблон:GS torpedoed the British freighters Cape Race, Empire Reindeer and Oregon.[7] The remainder of the convoy reached Liverpool on 13 August.[1]

Ships in the convoy

Allied merchant ships

A total of 35 merchant vessels joined the convoy, either in Sydney or later in the voyage.[8][7]

Name Flag Dead Tonnage (GRT) Cargo Notes
Aghios Spyridon (1905) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,338 Grain Survived this convoy and convoy SC 104
Anneberg (1902) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 2,537 3,200 tons woodpulp Sunk by Шаблон:GS 8 Aug
Bifrost (1923) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,949 Flour
Boston City (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,870 General cargo Survived this convoy, convoy ON 127, convoy SC 104 & convoy SC 122
Brisk (1923) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,594 Flour & general cargo
Cape Race (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 3,807 13 passengers, 3,979 tons lumber & 1,040 tons steel Sunk by Шаблон:GS 10 Aug
Castilian (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,067 General cargo Veteran of convoy HX 84
Condylis (1914) Шаблон:Flagcountry 9 4,439 6,924 tons grain & trucks Sunk by Шаблон:GS & Шаблон:GS 10 Aug
Daleby (1929) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,640 General cargo
Drakepool (1924) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,838 (in ballast) Survived this convoy and convoy SC 122
Шаблон:SS (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,945 General cargo Survived to be sunk 2 months later in convoy SC 107
Empire Moonbeam (1941) Шаблон:Flagcountry 6,849 Phosphates Survived to be sunk the following month in convoy ON 127
Empire Reindeer (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 6,259 5,950 tons woodpulp & general cargo Sunk by Шаблон:GS 10 Aug
Empire Scout (1936) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,229 Grain Ship's master was convoy vice-commodore
Hagood (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry 6,866 Diesel
Illinoian (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry 6,473 Mail & general cargo
Inger Lise (1939) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,582 Lumber Survived this convoy and convoy SC 104
Ingerfem (1912) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,987 Iron ore Survived this convoy and convoy SC 104
Kaimoku (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4 6,367 US Army stores Sunk by Шаблон:GS 8 Aug
Kelso (1924) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3 3,956 2,000 tons ammunition & 2,618 tons general cargo Sunk by Шаблон:GS 8 Aug
Mars (1925) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,582 Flour Survived this convoy and convoy SC 104
Melmore Head (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,273 General cargo Veteran of convoy SC 7; survived to be sunk 4 months later in convoy ON 154
Mount Kassion (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 5,273 9,700 tons general cargo Sunk by Шаблон:GS 8 Aug
Mount Pelion (1917) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,655 General cargo Survived to be sunk 2 months later in convoy SC 107
Norelg (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 6,103 General cargo
Oregon (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 11 6,008 1 passenger & 8,107 tons general cargo Sunk by Шаблон:GS & Шаблон:GS 10 Aug
Osric (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,418 Timber
Panos (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,914 Coal
Penolver (1912) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,721 Grain & general cargo
Radchurch (1910) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 3,701 Iron ore Abandoned undamaged & sunk by Шаблон:GS 9 Aug
Spar (1924) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3 3,616 Mail & 4,900 tons general cargo Sunk by Шаблон:GS 5 Aug
Trehata (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry 31 4,817 3,000 tons steel & 3,000 tons food Carried convoy commodore VADM Dashwood Fowler Moir DSO; sunk by Шаблон:GS 8 Aug
Tynemouth (1940) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,168 Lumber & steel Survived this convoy, convoy SL 125 & convoy ON 154
Veni (1901) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,982 Steel & woodpulp Survived this convoy & convoy ON 154
Willemsplein (1910) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,489 Iron ore Survived this convoy & convoy ON 127

Convoy escorts

A series of armed military ships escorted the convoy at various times during its journey.[9][8]

Name Flag Type Joined Left
Шаблон:HMCS Шаблон:Naval Шаблон:Sclass2 31 Jul 1942 13 Aug 1942
Шаблон:HMCS Шаблон:Naval Шаблон:Sclass2 31 Jul 1942 13 Aug 1942
Шаблон:ORP Шаблон:Navy Шаблон:Sclass 8 Aug 1942 13 Aug 1942
Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy Shakespeare-class destroyer leader 8 Aug 1942 13 Aug 1942
Шаблон:HMCS Шаблон:Naval Шаблон:Sclass2 31 Jul 1942 13 Aug 1942
Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy Шаблон:Sclass2 31 Jul 1942 8 Aug 1942, due to damage
from sinking Шаблон:GS[5]
Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Naval Шаблон:Sclass2 31 Jul 1942 13 Aug 1942
Шаблон:HMCS Шаблон:Naval Шаблон:Sclass2 31 Jul 1942 13 Aug 1942
Шаблон:HMS Шаблон:Navy Шаблон:Sclass2 31 Jul 1942 13 Aug 1942

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Hague 2000 p.133
  2. ↑ Hague 2000 p.135
  3. ↑ Tarrant p.108
  4. ↑ Hague pp.132, 137-138, 161-162, 164, 181
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p. 153
  6. ↑ Douglas pp. 505-507
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Hague 2000 p.137
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Milner 1985 p.285
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