Английская Википедия:Cooking apple
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed
A cooking apple or culinary apple is an apple that is used primarily for cooking, as opposed to a dessert apple, which is eaten raw. Cooking apples are generally larger, and can be tarter than dessert varieties. Some varieties have a firm flesh that does not break down much when cooked. Culinary varieties with a high acid content produce froth when cooked, which is desirable for some recipes.[1] Britain grows a large range of apples specifically for cooking. Worldwide, dual-purpose varieties (for both cooking and eating raw) are more widely grown.
Apples can be cooked down into sauce, apple butter, or fruit preserves. They can be baked in an oven and served with custard, and made into pies or apple crumble. In the UK roast pork is commonly served with cold apple sauce made from boiled and mashed apples.
A baked apple is baked in an oven until it has become soft. The core is usually removed and the resulting cavity stuffed with fruits, brown sugar, raisins, or cinnamon, and sometimes a liquor such as brandy. An apple dumpling adds a pastry crust.
John Claudius Loudon wrote in 1842:[2]
History
Popular cooking apples in US, in the late 19th century:
tart varieties:
Duchess of Oldenburg, Fallawater, Gravenstein, Horse, Keswick Codlin, Red Astrachan, Rhode Island Greening, Tetofsky.
sweet varieties:
Golden Sweet, Maverack Sweet, Peach Pound Sweet, Tolman Sweet and Willis Sweet.[3]
Popular cooking apples in the early 20th century´s England:
Alfriston, Beauty of Kent, Bismark, Bramley, Cox Pomona, Dumelow, Ecklinville, Emneth Early, Golden Noble, Grenadier, Lord Grosvenor, Lord Derby, Newton Wonder, Stirling Castle, Warners King. [4]
Cooking apple cultivars
D = Dual purpose ( table + cooking). Cooking result[5] P = Puree K = Keeps Shape Шаблон:Div col
- Alfriston P
- Allington K
- Annie Elizabeth K
- Antonovka P
- Arthur Turner P
- Baldwin
- Ballyfatten
- Bancroft
- Baron Ward[6]
- Beacon
- Beauty of Kent P
- Belle de Boskoop K
- Bismarck apple P
- Black Amish – also consumed as an eating apple[7]
- Black Twig D
- Blenheim Orange[8] P - K
- Bloody Ploughman
- Bountiful
- Braeburn K
- Bramley[9] P
- Crab apple (primarily for jelly)
- Burr Knot P
- Byflett Seedling P
- Byford Wonder K
- Calville Blanc d'hiver K
- Calville Rouge d´automne K
- Calville Rouge d´hiver P
- Campanino
- Carlisle Codlin P
- Carolina Red June
- Carter's Blue
- Catshead P
- Cellini P
- Charles Ross K
- Chelmsford Wonder P
- Cockle Pippin P
- Colloggett Pippin P - K
- 'Cortland' D
- Coul Blush
- Cox Pomona P - K
- Custard
- Danziger Kantapfel K
- Duchess of Oldenburg
- Dudley Winter
- Dumelow's Seedling P
- Edward VII[10] P
- Emneth Early
- Esopus Spitzenburg D
- Fallawater
- Flower of Kent
- Galloway K
- Gennet Moyle
- George Neal
- Glockenapfel
- Ginger Gold
- Golden Noble
- Golden Pippi
- Golden Reinette P - K
- Golden Sweet
- Gragg
- Gravenstein[11]
- Granny Smith – also consumed as an eating apple
- Greenup´s Pippin P
- Grenadier
- Hambledon Deux Ans P - K
- Harrison Cider Apple
- Hawthornden P
- Howgate Wonder K
- Irish Peach
- Isaac Newton
- James Grieve – also consumed as an eating apple
- Jonathan – also consumed as an eating apple
- Jumbo
- Keswick Codlin P
- King of the Pippins K D
- Landsberger Reinette
- Lane's Prince Albert[8] P
- Lodi[11]
- Lord Derby P
- Lowell
- Maiden Blush
- Malinda
- McIntoshШаблон:Citation needed – also consumed as an eating apple
- My Jewel
- Newell-Kimzey (aka Airlie Red Flesh)
- Newton Wonder P
- Nickajack
- Norfolk Biffin K
- Northern greening[12]
- Northern Spy[11]
- Oldenburg
- Paulared D
- Peasgood's Nonsuch P - K
- Pink Lady – also consumed as an eating apple
- Pinova
- Porter's
- Pott's Seedling
- Pumpkin Sweet apple
- Queen P
- Red Astrachan
- Red Prince
- Reverend W. Wilks P
- Rhode Island Greening
- Rome Beauty[11][13]
- Sandow[11]
- Scotch Bridget
- Scotch Dumpling
- Schoolmaster P
- Stirling Castle P
- Smokehouse
- Snow apple (aka Fameuse) [11]
- Spartan
- Stayman
- Stirling Castle P
- Surprise K
- Tetofsky
- Tickled Pink
- Tolman Sweet
- Tom Putt
- Topaz
- Transparante de Croncels K
- Twenty Ounce K
- Wagener
- Warner's King P
- Wealthy D
- White Melrose
- White Transparent
- Winesap K D
- Wolf River [14] K
- York Imperial D
See also
References
- ↑ The new Oxford book of food plants|Vaughan & Geissler
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Downing, Fruits and Fruit-Trees of America, 1885
- ↑ Journal of RHS, 1906
- ↑ The Book of Apples, 1993
- ↑ Robert Hogg: The Fruit Manual.... 2nd ed. (London: 1862). Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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<ref>; для сносокThomasне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокPlattне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокWeathersне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
