Английская Википедия:Correction girls
Correction girls was a term describing women who were forcibly shipped from France to its colonies in America as brides for its colonists during the early 18th century.
Background
France was struggling to establish colonies in Louisiana in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. It needed stable settlements under French control to help anchor French sovereignty. Many of its settlers were there unwillingly, taking the earliest opportunities available to return to France, while others were more interested in exploration and hunting furs than in farming. The French authorities believed marriage would encourage more settlers to remain in the settlements.Шаблон:R
In 1699, the founder of the Louisiana colony, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, obtained permission from King Louis XIV for French settlers to marry Native American women, thinking that this solution would both stabilize the colony and help assimilate local tribes to French culture. Instead, the settlers who married "have themselves become almost Indian, residing among them and living in their manner".Шаблон:R Governor Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville felt that Indian-French marriages were detrimental to development of the colony and that the settlers should instead marry French women.Шаблон:R
The first group of prospective wives sent to Louisiana were the casquette or Pelican girls, recruited from orphans and convents and selected for virtue and piety. Finding that the conditions at the colony were much harsher than described and most of the marriage prospects inferior, the women protested; the colonial government disregarded their complaints and sea captains refused them passage back to France. Few French women were willing to immigrate after hearing of the treatment of the Pelican girls and the conditions in Louisiana.Шаблон:R
Forced immigration
Between 1712 and 1721, approximately 7,000 women were selected for forced immigration.Шаблон:R Many were taken from orphanages, city streets, prisons, and hospitals. The passenger lists showed that they were "sent by the King" or "exiled".Шаблон:RШаблон:R
Some women selected for forced immigration were chained and marched across France, a display intended to deter potential criminals. During a protest by 150 female prisoners in 1719, six were shot and a dozen were wounded; after a freezing winter, they were still shipped to the settlement. Of the 7,000 women selected, most died on the forced marches or on the sea voyage, and only 1,300 arrived at the colony.Шаблон:R
Some of the women were forcibly married to male prisoners also being sent to Louisiana.Шаблон:R
Many correction girls were sickly and malnourished; some had venereal diseases and others were dangerous criminals.Шаблон:RШаблон:R Settlement administrators complained of women "who are useless and who do nothing but cause disorder".Шаблон:R A letter from a settlement administrator in 1721 stated:Шаблон:RШаблон:Quote
The adventures of one of the correction girls inspired Manon Lescaut, a novel by Abbé Prévost,Шаблон:R as well as the operas Manon by Jules Massenet and Manon Lescaut by Giacomo Puccini. The actual Manon had been arrested for "scandalous debauchery" and was branded before being sent to Louisiana; she later returned to France.Шаблон:R
In later years, it was common for Louisianans to claim that their descent was through the casquette girls rather than the correction girls,Шаблон:RШаблон:RШаблон:R and later researchers would remark that while none of the correction girls had apparently had children, the casquette girls had been remarkably fertile.Шаблон:R
See also
References
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 18th century in New Orleans
- Pre-statehood history of Louisiana
- American people of French descent
- People of Louisiana (New France)
- History of women in Louisiana
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- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
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- Статья из Английской Википедии
