Английская Википедия:Cortain

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Cortain (also spelled Courtain, Cortana, Curtana, Cortaine or Corte) is a legendary short sword in the legend of Ogier the Dane. This name is the accusative case declension of Old French corte, meaning "short".Шаблон:Sfnp

Attestations

The tradition that Ogier had a short sword is quite old. There is an entry for "Oggero spata curta" ("Ogier of the short sword") in the Шаблон:Illm (c. 1065–1075),[1] and this is taken as a nickname derived from his sword-name Cortain.Шаблон:Sfnp The sword name does not appear in the oldest extant copy of The Song of Roland (Oxford manuscript), only in versions postdating the Nota.[2]Шаблон:Refn

The sword and its early provenance is described in the chanson de geste Le Chevalerie Ogier.[3]Шаблон:Sfnp The sword has appeared in other chansons de geste somewhat predating Chevalerie Ogier, or composed around the same time as it, such as Aspremont (before 1190) and Renaut de Montauban (aka Quatre fils Aymon, c. 1200).Шаблон:Sfnp

Provenance

Generally according to traditional French sources, Cortain was previously owned by the courteous Saracen knight Karaheut, and given to Ogier.[4]Шаблон:Refn

According to the first branch (enfances) of Le Chevalerie Ogier, Ogier was still unknighted and sent as hostage to King Charlemagne. Thus when the French began to fight Saracens invading Rome, the unarmed Ogier only spectated. Eventually however he entered the fray, wresting the arms of the standard-bearer Alori who fled in retreat.[5]Шаблон:Sfnp His deeds were rewarded by knighthood, and Charlemagne girt him with his own sword.[6]Шаблон:Sfnp

In the continued conflict, the Saracen Karaheut of IndiaШаблон:RefnШаблон:Refn who owned Cortain challenged Ogier to duel. Karaheut's weapon, "the sword Brumadant the Savage"Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Refn was remade more than twenty times by the swordsmith Escurable; when it was tested on a block of marble it broke about a palm's length, and had to be reforged shorter-bladed; hence it was [re]named Corte or Cortain,Шаблон:Refn meaning "Short".[3]Шаблон:Sfnp This became the weapon of a chivalric-minded Karaheut,[7] who gave his destrier and arms (including Cortain) to Ogier so he could now fight the new opponent, Brunamont, in single combat.Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Refn[8]Шаблон:Sfnp[9]

Renaud de Montauban

Ogier tested the sword on a perron (stone blockШаблон:Refn) and the sword got chipped (a "half a foot"; Шаблон:Lang-fro"Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Refn), giving rise to the name "Cortain (Short)", or so it has been told in the poem Renaud de Montauban (aka Quatre Fils Aymon).Шаблон:Sfnp[10]Шаблон:Refn

Saga I version

According to the Old Norse version Karlamagnús saga Part I (c. 1240Шаблон:Sfnp), Karlamagnús (Charlemagne) tested three swords at Aix-la-Chapelle, and the first that only made a notch in the steel mound or blockШаблон:Refn received the name "Kurt" (Cortain), the second that cut a hand-width "Шаблон:Illm", and the third chopped off a chunk more than a half a foot" (possibly 1/2 foot measure (Шаблон:Convert), or "half leng-lenth"), earning the name Dyrumdali".Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Refn[11] Thus this Scandinavian account fails to explain how the sword got its name, unlike the French text which reveals that the sword was curtailed when tested.Шаблон:Sfnp The meaning of "Kurt" in Old Norse would be "courtesy" or "chivalry".[12]

All three swords were received as ransom from a JewШаблон:Refn named "Malakin of Ivin", and all made by Galant of England,[13] namely Wayland the Smith,[14] not the sword-maker named in Chevalerie.[15]

Blocked by angel

Файл:Chivalry-Gautier-tr-eng1891-p429.jpg
Ogier the Dane's sword aimed at Charlot stopped by angel.Шаблон:Right

Ogier turned rebel (after Prince Charlot murders his son Bauduin/Baldwinet over chess[16]Шаблон:Sfnp), and eventually was made prisoner in later branches of Le Chevalerie Ogier. In the ninth branch, he was offered reprieve in exchange for cooperating with fighting a new wave of Saracens, but refused unless he could exact vengeance against Charlot.[17]Шаблон:Sfnp Ogier was about to strike Courtain upon Charlot, when the archangel Michael interceded, holding the sword by its blade or edge,[18] and staying the execution.[19]Шаблон:Sfnp

Post-13th century

The sword recurs in the later poems in the decasyllabic (c. 1310Шаблон:Sfnp) and Alexandrine (c. 1335Шаблон:Sfnp) versions, and the 15th century[20] prose romance of Ogier, e.g., the scenes of Karaheu (Caraheu) using it in single combat with Ogier.Шаблон:Sfnp The prose redactor retained the episode of an angel (though he was an anonymous "Шаблон:Lang", not specifically St. Michael) who "holds back the stroke of Ogier's sword and took the sword by the point (Шаблон:Lang)" to stop Ogier from killing Charlot with the sword Courtain.Шаблон:Sfnp Later printed editions have further altered this to stating (in chapter summary) that the angel held back Ogier's arm.[21]

Файл:Olger Danskes Kronike1842-p138-Olger&Kortone&Engel.png
Olger Danske's sword Kortone prevented from harming Karlot.Шаблон:Right

Various accounts of the sword, Шаблон:Lang, are also given in the Danish Olger Danskes krønike (1534), adapted from the French prose. The work notes that the sword could still be viewed at the "cloister of St. Bent (=BenedictШаблон:Sfnp)'s order" at Meaux (near Paris) in France.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Refn It also records the episode of Olger's sword Kortone being stopped by the angel (see fig. right).[22]

Arthurian cycle

The Prose Tristan (1230–1235, expanded in 1240[23]) also names Ogier as eventual owner of the sword, though claiming it to have been a relic of the Arthurian knight Tristan (Tristram). Since the sword was originally too long and too heavy, Ogier shortened it and named it Cortaine.Шаблон:Efn[24][25][26] According to this French narrative, Charlemagne brought discovered the swords of Tristan and Palamedes in an abbey in England, giving the Tristan sword to Ogier, and girt Palamedes' sword on himself, which was judged to be a superior sword.[24]

In the La Tavola Ritonda (mid-14th to 15th century) based largely on the Italian translation of the Prose Tristan, Tristan's sword is named Vistamara, considered the best and sharpest in the world.[27][28] In this version Charlemagne (Carlo Magno) comes to Verzeppe Castle (presumably Leverzep/Louvezerp) in LogresШаблон:Refn and finds the statues of five eminent Arthurian knights, each wearing their original sword.[29] Tristan's sword was given to Ogier (Ugieri) who was the only one capable of wielding the heavy sword, but the sword was clipped short upon its first use, and so was named Cortana.[30][25]

The English monarchy also laid claim to owning "Tristram's sword",Шаблон:Efn and this according to Roger Sherman Loomis was the "Curtana" ("short") used in the coronation of the British monarch. Loomis also argues that Curtana's origins as Tristram's sword was known to the author of this passage in Prose Tristan, but the tradition was forgotten in England.[26] The English royal Curtana had been once been jagged at its broken tip, and in the Tristan/Tristram romances, the hero's sword broke off, with its tip lodged in Morholt's head.[31]

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliograp

Шаблон:Refbegin

(primary sources)
(primary sources—Scandinavian)
(secondary sources)

Шаблон:Refend

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp and Шаблон:Harvp
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Harvp vv. 1647–1664. 1: 69.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp Chevalerie Ogier, vv. 2700ff. Cf. Шаблон:Lang, p. lxxij "Шаблон:Lang".
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, vv. 1ff; vv. 500–590ff
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, vv. 690ff, 747ff
  7. ↑ The courtois "Karaheu" in Шаблон:Harvp
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp vv. 2633–2644. 1: 109.
  9. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок vandijk-dict-mediev-heroes не указан текст
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, note
  11. ↑ Karlamagnús saga I. Kap. 44, Шаблон:Harvp, p. 40; Шаблон:Harvp; Шаблон:Harvp (ON and Fr. side-by-side) Chapitre 41, p. 89
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, Ch. 44 note 1
  13. ↑ Karlamagnús saga I. Kap. 43, Шаблон:Harvp, p. 40; Шаблон:Harvp; Шаблон:Harvp (ON and Fr. side-by-side) Chapitre 40, pp. 88–89
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, Ch. 43 note 2: "Weland, ..smith of Germanic legend"
  15. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок gehrt1899 не указан текст
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp Branch II.
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp vv.10010ff. 2: 409.
  18. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок godefroy-dict-ameure не указан текст
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp vv.10979–11009. 2: 457–458. "Шаблон:Lang". "
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "XVIII. Le Roman d'Ogier en Prose (1496)"
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, p. 233 "Comment Charlemagne partit de Laon, etc., .. & comment l'Ange ainsi qu'il vouloit coupper lateste de Charlot luy retint le bras & des parolles qu'il luy dist". p. 245: "Dieu.. envoya un Ange de Paradis, qui retint le coup del'espee d'Ogier & luy dist.."
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "Шаблон:Lang.
  23. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок curtis-dates не указан текст
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Citation Шаблон:In lang
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок bruce-arth_name_dict-cortaine не указан текст
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок loomis1922a не указан текст
  27. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок polidori-ed-1864 не указан текст
  28. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок shafer-tr-1983 не указан текст
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp Arthurian name Dictionary, s.v. "Charlemagne"
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, pp. 391–392
  31. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок loomis1922b не указан текст
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Cortain&oldid=14077402