Английская Википедия:Cost of the Olympic Games

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Original research The Olympic Games are considered to be the world's foremost international sporting event with over 200 nations participating. It historically had the highest costs and expenses for the hosts, with the estimated cost of the 2016 Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro being at approximately US$11.1 billion.

Sports-related costs for the Summer Games since 1960 is on average $5.2 billion (USD) and for the Winter Games $393.1 million dollars. The highest recorded total cost was the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, costing approximately US$55 billion. The 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Games experienced the biggest loss recorded at approximately $2 billion (USD).

Costs

The current highest cost of hosting the Olympic Games was the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Games, costing approximately US$11.1 billion. In order to meet the requirements set out by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) The Rio de Janeiro council had to invest heavily in building the necessary facilities/venues, and an entirely new subway line. The lack of a solid infrastructure to support these investments led to the council underestimating their costs by 25%.

The costs of hosting the Olympic Games can be classified into 2 categories; infrastructure and operational costs.

Infrastructure

General infrastructure

The costs of general infrastructure consist of preparing the necessary infrastructure to accommodate the influx of tourists and athletes in the host city. The International Olympic Committee requires a minimum of 40,000 hotel rooms available for visiting spectators and an Olympic Village that is able to house 15,000 athletes, referees, and officials.

Internal and external transportation facilities that can transport spectators into and out of the host city and from venue to venue are also required by the Committee. These requirements are often met through renovations to already-built facilities or construction of entirely new facilities. These facilities include train/subway lines, roads, and airports.

Sports infrastructure

The host city is also required by the Olympic Committee to invest in sport-specific infrastructure that meets their requirements. Facilities must have specified minimum sizes and reach the specific seating and safety protocols which often require refurbishments or new construction, particularly less-used facilities such as natatoriums, velodromes and sliding tracks.

Host city selection

The winter games needs high mountains, especially for the alpine events. Traditionally there were requirements of fairly short distance between the host city and the alpine slopes, which often has made smaller cities to be chosen as winter host cities, such as Lake Placid, Lillehammer and Sochi. These smaller cities have mostly lacked the arenas and accommodation needed, and had less need for them afterwards. After the 2012 when no democratic country bid for the winter games due to the high cost, a larger distance was accepted, allowing existing slopes to be used together with a large host city with more existing infrastructure, for example Milan at a distance of 410 km by road to Cortina.

Operating costs

Once the necessary infrastructure is put in place, the Olympics require a large amount of spending on operating costs throughout the duration of the Games. Historically, the most significant operating costs for the hosts have been in event management, organization and preparation of the opening and closing ceremonies, and increasingly in recent years, security.

Table

The table below lists the costs of hosting the Olympic Games. Due to the multitude of reporting methods, the table contains both the operating costs and total final costs (which include various infrastructure upgrades and security costs), as well as both known and not estimated figures. Net loss or gain are measured against the operating budgets. Intangible costs (such as to the environment and society) and benefits (through tourism) are not included here.

Olympiad	Host	Final Operating Budget	Total Costs	Taxpayer Contribution	Profit/Loss	Year Debt Paid Off	Notes
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap Athens		3,740,000 ₯				Donations by George Averoff of 1,000,000 ₯ covered potential losses
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap Paris
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap		US$394,000 est.		Шаблон:Increase £6,377
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap		3,500,000₣	2,000,000₣
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap				Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap		CHF706,000		Шаблон:Decrease CHF104,800
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap		$1,183,000		Шаблон:Decrease $18,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap				Шаблон:Increase $1,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap		$30,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	£761,688			Шаблон:Increase £29,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap		1,580,000,000 mk		Шаблон:Decrease 49,000,000 mk
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap			lira 460 million
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	A£5,400,000			Шаблон:DecreaseA£300,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$80 million
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$72,000,000	US$1,926,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$176,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	1,972,000,000 DM
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	CDN$207,000,000	CDN$1,410,000,000		Шаблон:Decrease CDN$990,000	2006	A special tobacco tax was introduced in May 1976 to fund the loss
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$49,000,000	US$169,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$231,000,000	US$1,350,000,000 US$2,000,000,000		Шаблон:Decrease US$1,190,000 deficit Шаблон:Citation needed		This was the year that The United States and 64 other Nations boycotted due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$55,400,000	US$110,900,000		Шаблон:Increase US$10,000,000		The first Olympics since 1948 to make a profit
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$320,000,000	US$413,000,000	$75,000,000	Шаблон:Increase US$250,000,000	1984	The first Summer Olympics since 1932 to make a profit
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	CDN$438,000,000	CDN$899,000,000	CDN$425,000,000	Шаблон:IncreaseCDN$32,000,000	1988
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$4,000,000,000 Шаблон:Citation needed			Шаблон:Increase US$300,000,000	1988	A record profit for a government-run OlympiadШаблон:Citation needed
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$850,000,000Шаблон:Citation needed	US$9,300,000,000		Шаблон:Increase US$10,000,000	1992	Operating costs were put at 9.1% of the total cost. The vast majority of spending was to improve infrastructure.
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap			US$1,200,000,000 on infrastructure	Шаблон:Decrease US$67,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$1,100,000,000		US$250,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$1,800,000,000Шаблон:Citation needed		US$609,000,000	Шаблон:Increase US$19,000,000Шаблон:Citation needed	1996	Following the model of LA 1984, Atlanta achieved a healthy profit
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap			~US$10,000,000,000 in new infrastructure	Шаблон:Decrease Net lossШаблон:Citation needed	Estimated 2015	The full cost of the Nagano Olympics is unknown, due to Nagano Olympic Bid Committee vice-secretary general Sumikazu Yamaguchi ordering accounting documents burned
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	A$6,600,000,000	A$3,000,000,000 (A$3,635,000,000 borne by the public)Шаблон:Citation needed	A$2,050,000,000	Шаблон:Decrease US$2.1 billion	2000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$2,000,000,000	US$1,200,000,000	US$600,000,000	Шаблон:Increase US$101,000,000	2002	Additional security costs were incurred in the wake of the September 11 attacks
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$15,000,000,000	US$9,000,000,000	US$6,200,000,000	Шаблон:Decrease US$14,500,000		The cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games has been cited as a contributor to the Greek government-debt crisis. Many of the venues lie vacant and rotting; the Independent newspaper reports as many as 21 out of 22 are unused.
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$700,000,000			Шаблон:Decrease US$3,200,000		The Italian government created a lottery game to cover its financial losses.Шаблон:Citation needed
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$44,000,000,000			Шаблон:Increase CNY 1,000,000,000 (US$146,000,000)	2008
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	CDN$ 1,700,000,000 (US$1,260,000,000)	US$ 6,400,000,000	US$ 2,300,000,000	Шаблон:IncreaseCDN$ 1,900,000	2014	Included in the total US$6,400,000,000 cost are the $1,000,000,000 for security, $2,500,000,000 for transportation extensions and upgrades, and $900,000,000 for the new Vancouver Convention Centre (An additional $554,000,000 was spent by the city including a portion on the Olympic Village).
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$10,400,000,000	US$14,600,000,000	US$4,400,000,000	GBP £nil	2012	Additional costs include $90 million for converting the Olympic Stadium (London) to a football venue
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$51,000,000,000			Шаблон:Increase US$53,150,000		The most expensive Olympic Games in history, surpassing the previous record set by the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games.
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$13,100,000,000		US$11.6 billion	Шаблон:Decrease US$2.0 billion
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$2,190,000,000	US$12,900,000,000		Шаблон:Increase US$55,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$15,400,000,000	US$28,000,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$3.9 billion			Шаблон:Increase US$52,000,000
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	US$1.6 billion
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap

See also

• List of megaprojects
• Olympic Games

External links

• What did Olympics bring Sydney