Английская Википедия:Coulter pine

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Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri), or big-cone pine, is a native of the coastal mountains of Southern California in the United States and northern Baja California in Mexico. Isolated groves are found as far north as Clearlake, California on the flanks of Mt. Konocti and Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve. It is named after Thomas Coulter, an Irish botanist and physician. The Coulter pine produces the heaviest cone of any pine tree, up to Шаблон:Convert and among conifers is exceeded only by the cones of Araucaria bidwillii.

Although it has a limited range in the wild, the Coulter pine is a popular ornamental tree and is grown in many countries.

Description

Pinus coulteri is a substantial coniferous evergreen tree in the genus Pinus. The size ranges from Шаблон:Convert tall,Шаблон:Sfn and a trunk diameter up to Шаблон:Convert. The trunk is vertical and branches horizontal to upcurved. The leaves are needle-like, in bundles of three, glaucous gray-green, Шаблон:Convert long and stout, Шаблон:Convert thick.

The outstanding characteristic of this tree is the large, spiny cones which are Шаблон:Convert long (occasionally as much as twenty inches (51 centimeters) length has been observed),[1] 23 centimeters (nine inches) in width,[2] and weigh Шаблон:Convert when fresh. Each segment, or "scale", of the cone is tipped with a talon-like hook. Coulter pines produce the largest cones of any pine tree species and people are advised to wear hardhats when working in Coulter pine groves, although the slender cones of the sugar pine are longer. The large size of the cones, combined with the claw-like scales, has earned them the nickname "widowmakers" among locals.

Ecology

The Coulter pine is closely related to the foothill pine, Pinus sabiniana. It is more distantly related to Jeffrey pine with which it shares habitats, and the ponderosa pine.Шаблон:Sfn Coulter pines tend to grow in drier environments than ponderosa and Jeffery pines.

This erect, medium-sized pine prefers south-facing slopes between Шаблон:Convert elevation, and tolerates dry rocky soil. Pinus coulteri most often appears in mixed forests. The Coulter pine occurs in a number of forest plant associations; for example, at higher elevations forestation of the San Jacinto Mountains Coulter Pine is co-dominant with the California black oak.Шаблон:Sfn Woodpeckers often forage on the species, and peel the bark to access insects underneath.Шаблон:Sfn

Uses

Wildlife, especially squirrels, gather the large seeds. They were also once eaten by Native Americans.[3]

The wood is weak and soft, so that the species is little used other than for firewood.

Pinus coulteri is cultivated as an ornamental tree, planted in parks and large gardens, and drought tolerant landscaping. The Coulter pine has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.Шаблон:Sfn

Gallery

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Sfn whitelist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Taxonbar

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Gardener's Chronicle Volume 23 (third series)(March 28, 1885) Page 415
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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