Английская Википедия:Covenant of the pieces

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Файл:Figures 016 A Deep Sleep Fell Upon Abram and a Horror Seized Him.jpg

Illustration of the events described (1728)

According to the Hebrew Bible, the covenant of the pieces or covenant between the parts (Шаблон:Lang-he) is an important event in Jewish theology. In this central narrative God revealed himself to Abraham and made a covenant with him (in the site known nowadays as Mount Betarim), in which God announced to Abraham that his descendants would eventually inherit the Land of Israel.

This was the first of a series of covenants made between God and the Patriarchs.

Biblical narrative

Файл:Greater Israel map.jpg

The boundaries of the Land of Israel as defined in Шаблон:Bibleverse showing the region which was promised to Abraham in the covenant of the pieces

According to the biblical story, in Шаблон:Bibleverse Abram’s most important encounter is recorded when the Abrahamic God made a covenant with him. The day started with a vision where Abram expressed his concerns about being childless, thinking his estate will be inherited by Eliezer of Damascus, a servant of his. God then reminds him of his original promise to make him a father of a “great nation” and then revealed that he would have a son born to him. (Шаблон:Bibleverse)

Later that day, at the drawing of the evening, Abram fell into a deep sleep where he encountered God again. God then prophesied to Abram that the nation born to him would be removed to another land where they must be trialed for four hundred years and afterward, they would be greatly blessed with many possessions and occupy their own land. This prophecy was that of the Israelites in subjection to Egypt, for four hundred years, before returning back to Canaan to claim it as their own. (Шаблон:Bibleverse)

It was at this drawing of the night hourШаблон:Clarify that Abram entered into a covenant with God who promised land his offspring would claim:

Файл:Schnorr von Carolsfeld Bibel in Bildern 1860 024.png

The Vision of the Lord Directing Abram to Count the Stars (woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld from the 1860 Bible in Pictures)

The covenant was formalized as God commanded Abraham to divide livestock and poultry into two pieces.

Modern scholarship

Covenants in biblical times were often sealed by severing an animal, with the implication that the party who breaks the covenant will suffer a similar fate. In Hebrew, the verb meaning to seal a covenant translates literally as "to cut". It is presumed by Jewish scholars that the removal of the foreskin symbolically represents such a sealing of the covenant.

Evolution of Covenant

In the biblical context, "to seal a covenant" signified a solemn and binding agreement between God and humanity. It represented a divine promise that was accompanied by specific rituals and obligations. For instance, the covenant between God and Abraham, as recounted in Genesis 15, involved animal sacrifices and a symbolic passage between the split pieces of the animals, symbolizing the irrevocable nature of the pact.

Over time, the concept of sealing a covenant extended beyond its biblical origins to encompass various cultural and social contexts. In ancient civilizations, covenants were often invoked to solidify alliances, establish peace treaties, and regulate trade agreements. The act of sealing a covenant often involved physical gestures, such as the exchange of objects or the performance of rituals, to reinforce the commitment and strengthen the bond between the parties involved.

In modern times, the term "to seal a covenant" has retained its symbolic significance, particularly in Jewish and Christian traditions. For Jews, the covenant represents the enduring relationship between God and the Jewish people, symbolized by the Torah and the observance of its laws. The concept of sealing a covenant underscores the reciprocal obligations of both parties – God's promise of protection and blessings in exchange for the Jewish people's adherence to divine commandments.

In Christianity, the notion of sealing a covenant finds expression in the New Testament, particularly in the writings of Paul the Apostle. Paul uses the imagery of a sealed document to represent the believer's salvation through faith in Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit is considered the "seal of approval" on the believer's heart, guaranteeing their inheritance in the kingdom of God.

The modern understanding of sealing a covenant emphasizes its spiritual and personal dimensions. It represents a commitment to a set of values, principles, and beliefs that shape one's identity and guide one's actions. The act of sealing a covenant is often associated with significant life events, such as marriage, religious conversion, or personal commitments to self-improvement or social justice causes.

The evolution of the term "to seal a covenant" from its biblical origins to its contemporary usage reflects the enduring human need for connection, commitment, and a sense of belonging. It underscores the power of shared values, beliefs, and traditions in forging bonds between individuals, communities, and generations. In a world often characterized by division and uncertainty, the concept of sealing a covenant serves as a reminder of the potential for unity, purpose, and hope.”

See also

• Binding of Isaac