Английская Википедия:Craven in the Domesday Book
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates
The extent of the medieval district of Craven, in the north of England is a matter of debate. The name Craven is either pre-Celtic Britain, Britonnic or Romano-British in origin. However, its usage continued following the ascendancy of the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans – as was demonstrated by its many appearances in the Domesday Book of 1086. Places described as being In Craven in the Domesday Book fell later within the modern county of North Yorkshire, as well as neighbouring areas of West Yorkshire, Lancashire and Cumbria. Usage of Craven in the Domesday Book is, therefore, circumstantial evidence of an extinct, British or Anglo-Saxon kingdom or subnational entity (such as a shire or earldom).
The modern local government district of Craven – a much smaller area entirely within North Yorkshire – was defined in 1974.
Background
Although historic Craven extended a little further southeast in Yorkshire, as it still does with the Church of England's Deanery of South Craven, the northwestern boundary is the one much disputed. Before the Norman Conquest the North of England from coast to coast was administered from York and named The Kingdom of York. By 1086 the Normans had designated only one county in the North of England and that was Yorkshire. One may assume thereby that the Norman Yorkshire of 1086 was much the same as the Kingdom of York of 1065; and the Domesday Book supports this.
The creation of Lancashire, Cumberland and Westmorland took place after 1086: Cumberland may have been shired in 1092, there was a sheriff of Westmorland by 1129, and a sheriff of Lancashire by 1164.[1]
It has also been proposed that the first Yorkshire was smaller, much as it was up till 1974, and that Amounderness, Cartmel, Furness, Kendale, Copeland and Lonsdale were attached to it in the Domesday Book, merely for administrative convenience.[2][3][4][5]
Craven in the Domesday Book
The Domesday Book (1086) was essentially an economic census of England, completed during the reign of William the Conqueror, to find out how much each landholder had in arable land and what that land was worth in terms of the taxes they used to pay under Edward the Confessor.
The areas of ploughland were counted in carucates: the land a farmer could manage throughout the year with a team of eight oxen. That area varied with the local soil but on average it was 120 acres, (50 hectares). Some carucates are designated Waste, many of these were devastated and depopulated by the Norman army during the Harrying of the North 1069–70, ca.17 years prior to this survey.
The Land of the King in Craven, Domesday Book folio 301v
Mostly in Airedale but also in Lonsdale for that was then considered part of Yorkshire.[6]
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LOCATION
Cononley
Bradleys Both
Farnhill
Kildwick
Eastburn
Utley
Keighley
Wilsden
Newsholme[7]
Laycock
Sutton-in-Craven
Melling-with-Wrayton, Hornby-with-Farleton, Wennington
Thornton in Lonsdale, Burrow-with-Burrow
Шаблон:Col-break
CARUCATES
2
7
2
2 plus 1 church
2 ½
1
6
3
1
2
2
10 ½
6
Шаблон:Col-break
PREVIOUS OWNER
Thorkil
Arnkeld, Thorkil, Gamel
Gamel
Arnkeld
Gamel Bern
Vilts
Ulfkeld, Thole, Ravensvartr
Gamel Bern
Vilts
Ravensvartr
Ravenkeld
Ulf and Orm
Orm
Шаблон:Col-break
CURRENT
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
King William
Шаблон:Col-end
The Land of The Clamores of Yorkshire in Craven, Domesday Book folio 380
These lands centred on Bolton Abbey were soon after this date transferred to Robert de Romille. And since the Saxon manse at Bolton Abbey was beyond repair Romille built a castle elsewhere: Skipton Castle.[8]
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LOCATION
Bolton Abbey was the caput manor of a multiple estate
Шаблон:Col-break
CARUCATES
77, waste
Шаблон:Col-break
PREVIOUS
Earl Edwin
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SOON TO BE
Robert de Romille
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The Land of William de Percy in Craven, Domesday Book folio 322
William de Percy was the founder of the powerful English House of Percy.
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LOCATION[6]
Rimington, Crooks, Little Middop, Starkeshergh
Bolton-by-Bowland, Raygill Moss, Holme
Painley, Gisburn, Paythorne, Newsholme, Ellenthorpe
Nappa, Horton
Thornton in Craven, Kelbrook
Swinden, Hellifield, Malham, Coniston Cold
Glusburn and Chelsis
Шаблон:Col-break
CARUCATES
11, waste
8, waste
12 Шаблон:Frac, waste
6 Шаблон:Frac, waste
8 Шаблон:Frac, waste
13 Шаблон:Frac, waste
3, waste
Шаблон:Col-break
PREVIOUS
Beornwulf
Beornwulf
Beornwulf
Beornwulf
Beornwulf
Beornwulf
Gamal
Шаблон:Col-break
CURRENT
William de Percy
William de Percy
William de Percy
William de Percy
William de Percy
William de Percy
William de Percy
Шаблон:Col-end
The Land of Gilbert Tison in Craven, Domesday Book folio 327
By 1118 Tison had suffered a demotion and his lands returned to the king then given to the Houses of Romille, Percy, Fitz John and d'Aubigny[1]
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LOCATION
Grassington, Linton, Threshfield
Eastburn, Steeton
Glusburn and Chelsis
Oakworth
Шаблон:Col-break
CARUCATES
7
5 Шаблон:Frac
3
1
Шаблон:Col-break
PREVIOUS
Gamal Bern
Gamal Bern
Gamal Bern
Gamal Bern
Шаблон:Col-break
CURRENT
Gilbert Tison
Gilbert Tison
Gilbert Tison
Gilbert Tison
Шаблон:Col-end
The Land of Hugh fitzBaldric in Craven, Domesday Book folio 327v
An "in crave" entry in this folio is difficult to explain. It is followed by Holecher, Bretebi which Robert H Skaife identified with Holker Hall and neighbouring Birkby Hall east of Grange-over-Sands (now in Cumbria), ignoring the Craven title. William Farrer had connected them with Craven as parts of Kettlewell, although no longer traceable.[9] All the rest of Hugh fitzBaldric's land were in East Yorkshire, and he was High Sheriff of Yorkshire 1069–1086.
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LOCATION
Holker?
Шаблон:Col-break
CARUCATES
8
Шаблон:Col-break
PREVIOUS
Orm
Шаблон:Col-break
CURRENT
Hugh FitzBaldric
Шаблон:Col-end
The Land of Erneis du Buron in Craven, Domesday Book folio 327v
In 1066 a nephew of Ralph Tesson, Ernies de Buron, from Beuron near Mantes, Normandy[10] provided William the Conqueror with money, men and the ships for the invasion of England. Ernies fought at the Battle of Hastings and is named in the Falaise Roll and in the Rolls of Battle Abbey.[11] He settled in England 1068. The Doomsday Book lists that he had seventy-two properties in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire.[12] In 1086 he succeeded Hugh fitz Baldric as High Sheriff of Yorkshire.[13] However between 1102 and 1118 his lands were confiscated by King Henry I and given to the House of Romille.[1]
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LOCATION
Marley, Halton (in Bingley), Cottingley, Cullingworth, Hainworth
Шаблон:Col-break
CARUCATES
7 Шаблон:Frac
Шаблон:Col-break
PREVIOUS
—
Шаблон:Col-break
CURRENT
Erneis du Buron
Шаблон:Col-end
The Land of Osbern D'Arques in Craven, Domesday Book folio 328
Osbern de Arches (1059–1115) became High Sheriff of Yorkshire ca1100.
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LOCATION
Silsden
Hebden and Thorpe
Burnsall and Drebley
Cattal
Шаблон:Col-break
CARUCATES
8
4 Шаблон:Frac
2 Шаблон:Frac
5, waste
Шаблон:Col-break
PREVIOUS
Five thegns
Dreng
Dreng
—
Шаблон:Col-break
CURRENT
Osbern D'Arques
Osbern D'Arques
Osbern D'Arques
Osbern D'Arques
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The Land of the King's Thegns in Craven, Domesday Book folio 331v
The term thegn means a retainer of a king or nobleman below the rank of high-reeve.
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LOCATION
Rylstone
Hartlington
Appletreewick
Burnsall, Thorpe
Hartlington
Rylstone
Appletreewick
Holdene
Holdene
Kilnsey
Heuurde
Conistone
Шаблон:Col-break
CARUCATES
4
1
1 Шаблон:Frac
3 Шаблон:Frac
3
1 Шаблон:Frac
2
2
4
6
1
3
Шаблон:Col-break
PREVIOUS
Almund
Almund
—
Heardwulf
Northmann
Ramkel
Ketil
Ketil
Gospatric and Ulfkil
Hamal
Gospatric
Arnketil
Шаблон:Col-break
CURRENT
Dolgfinnr
Dolgfinnr
Dolgfinnr
Heardwulf
Northmann
Ramkel
Orm
Orm
Gospatrick and Ulfkil
Ulf
Gospatric
Ketil
Шаблон:Col-end
The Land of Roger de Poitou in Yorkshire, Domesday Book folio 332
In looking for a definition of Craven, Roger de Poitou's entries on folio 332 are ambiguous for that page lacks the heading "In Craven". However some manors listed here as his are described elsewhere in the book as being in Craven. Thornton-in-Craven is quite outspoken in this matter. The omission of a heading could be considered a scribal error or, since the previous sub-section was entitled 'In Craven', the scribe may have decided it unnecessary to repeat the heading.
However Poitou's total lands cannot be used to determine the extent of Craven for he also held lands between the Ribble and the Mersey together with Amounderness.
After 1102 Roger rebelled against the King, so Henry I of England confiscated his lands and gave those in upper Wharfedale and upper Airedale to the House of Romille and those in Ribblesdale and around Gisburn to the House of Percy.[1] Sometime after Domesday Poitou had given Bowland to Robert de Lacy, the Baron of Pontefract. The king allowed him to keep Bowland and expanded his lands with the whole of Blackburnshire and part of Amounderness.[14] These lands formed the basis of the Honour of Clitheroe.
References
External links
Шаблон:Wikisource Шаблон:Commons
- The Domesday Book on The National Archives website. Search facilities are free of charge. Downloads are chargeable.
- Searchable index of landholders in 1066 and 1087, Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE) project.
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Newsholme near Oakworth has a unique church that forms part of a farmhouse. Retrieved November 2010
- ↑ Whitaker, Thomas Dunham (2012) [1805]. The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven in the County of York (new ed.). London: British Library. pp. 8. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Henry Clifford Darby, Ian Stanley Maxwell (eds), 1962, The Domesday Geography of Northern England, Cambridge University Press, p.480
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book page 108 The Norman People Archive Org. Accessed 2013-6-8
- ↑ Battle of Hastings Abbey and Battlefield English-Heritage Org. Retrieved 2013-6-7
- ↑ Erneis du Buron Devon Mitchells com Retrieved 2013-6-8
- ↑ K. S. B. Keats-Rohan. Domesday People: Domesday book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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