Английская Википедия:Cristalino State Park
Шаблон:Infobox protected area The Cristalino State Park (Шаблон:Lang-pt) is a state park in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Location
The Cristalino State Park is in the municipalities of Alta Floresta and Novo Mundo in the extreme north of Mato Grosso, between the Teles Pires river and the border with the state of Pará. The park covers an area of about Шаблон:Convert. Most of the park is in Novo Mundo but part of the extreme west of the park is in Alta Floresta.Шаблон:Sfn Its shape is roughly rectangular, extending Шаблон:Convert east-west and Шаблон:Convert north-south.Шаблон:Sfn The park is on the border of the "arc of deforestation" in the Amazon rainforest.Шаблон:Sfn In the north it borders the Brazilian Airforce base in Pará, which contains a large area of native vegetation. The state park is surrounded by farms to the west, east and south.Шаблон:Sfn
The Cristalino River enters the park from Pará to the north, then flows westward through the park below the Pará border before turning south and flowing to the Teles Pires in the southwest. The Serra do Mateiro is in the west of the park. The Rochedo River rises in the east of the park, flowing through the Serra do Rochedo on the park's south boundary. The Nhandú River defines the eastern boundary of the park.Шаблон:Sfn The park is accessible by water via the Teles Pires River to the mouth of the Cristalino River, then up that river through the park.Шаблон:Sfn
The park can also be reached by the unpaved Quarta Leste road from the municipal center of Alta Floresta, taking a ferry across the Teles Pires River. The road runs through the park as far as the Cristalino River. Another dirt road from the Primeira Leste highway runs parallel to the boundary with Pará to the Cristalino River. Unofficial roads opened by ranchers and loggers enter the eastern end of the park, but do not reach the Cristalino River basin. SEMA has a station for researchers and students, including a house with four bedrooms, one bathroom and a power generator.Шаблон:Sfn
Environment
The climate is hot and humid, with annual average temperatures over Шаблон:Convert and average annual rainfall above Шаблон:Convert. There is a dry season from May to September with monthly total rainfall is less than Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The park is in the ecotone or transition zone between Amazon rainforest and cerrado.Шаблон:Sfn The reserve would be in the proposed South Amazon Ecotones Ecological Corridor.Шаблон:Sfn Vegetation includes rainforest, seasonal forest, campinarana, rocky fields and pioneer fluvial or lacustrine formations.Шаблон:Sfn 515 species of birds have been recorded, with 55 endemic species, 43 of reptiles, 29 of amphibians, 36 of mammals and 16 fish species with commercial or sports value.Шаблон:Sfn
Ecotourism, including observation of wildlife and hiking, generates some income and may help encourage sustainable environmental development in the surrounding area.Шаблон:Sfn However, the park has been threatened since the time of its creation with land clearance for cattle pasture, illegal logging and construction of infrastructure such as small hydroelectric plants.Шаблон:Sfn Little has been done to prevent damage to the environment, and there is lack of local community support for the park. Threats include illegal logging, which has steadily advanced north into the park, family agriculture producing annual crops such as rice and beans, and cattle farming.Шаблон:Sfn
Legal history
The Cristalino State Park was created on 9 June 2000.Шаблон:Sfn It had an initial area of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Objectives were to preserve animals and native species of trees threatened with extinction.Шаблон:Sfn The Cristalino II State Park was created by decree 2.628 of 30 May 2001.Шаблон:Sfn These two contiguous parks together have an area of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The park is administered by the State Department of the Environment (SEMA). SEMA has been working with the Cristalino Ecological Foundation, ICV, Forest Institute and UNEMAT to prepare the management plan. The consultative council was installed in 2007 with representatives of civil society and public organizations.Шаблон:Sfn As of 2016 the park was supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
Sources
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