Английская Википедия:Crumbled House

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Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox historic site Crumbled House is a ruined great house of the Ancestral Puebloans, just east of the Chuska Mountains, in New Mexico. Based on ceramic dating, the buildings were built and occupied between 1100 and 1250 AD.Шаблон:Sfn Crumbled House is a Chaco Protection Site, or special management area.Шаблон:Sfn

Location

Crumbled House is located within the boundary of the Navajo Nation in the northwestern part of the state of New Mexico. Crumbled House lay at the extreme west end of the Chaco Canyon influence area and Шаблон:Convert west of central Chaco Canyon proper. The site also exists in a line of sight configuration leading southeast toward Kin Kletso. The site is located about Шаблон:Convert south of Mesa Verde, at an average elevation of about Шаблон:Convert above sea level. The site is about Шаблон:Convert southwest of the Chuska Mountains, from which the builders obtained construction timber.Шаблон:Sfn It lies on the Chuska Slope, sometimes called the Chuska Valley, which forms the eastern footslope of the Chuska range.Шаблон:Sfn

Structure and site plan

Crumbled House is a fortification type structure that utilizes the natural defenses around a tabletop mesa. The site has two room blocks and three major segments that begin at the top of the mesa, and descend the talus west slope and the plateau east slope via the use of stairways.

The mesa top segment formed a triangular upper block. There were massive circular towers at each tip of the triangular structure; high stone walls followed the edges of the mesa. Its layout led to the upper segment being referred to as the "Castle of the Chuskas". The upper segment is Шаблон:Convert above the floor of the surrounding valley. One side is about Шаблон:Convert long and the other two faces about Шаблон:Convert long. There may have been about eighty ground floor rooms in this block, twenty-five rooms on the second story and fourteen subterranean kivas. The masonry walls are made of sandstone cobbles collected from the talus slope.Шаблон:Sfn

The second segment and a major defensive feature is the eastern moat. The wide moat separated the mesa from the open plateau along with a strong wall incorporated on the northeastern face completing a ribbon of defense against access from the plateau approach.Шаблон:Sfn

The third segment and second room block of Crumbled House is about Шаблон:Convert to the south of the castle on a steep talus slope, stepping down about Шаблон:Convert in five or six terraces. It is no more than Шаблон:Convert by Шаблон:Convert in size, containing about 150 rectangular rooms and sixteen round kivas. The lower house is built from dark sandstone rocks collected from the talus slope to the west.Шаблон:Sfn Based on ceramic and architectural criteria, the great house was occupied between 1150 and 1250, and the compound between 1250 and 1300.Шаблон:Sfn Crumbled House's rock masonry style and keyhole shaped kivas suggest a relation to Mesa Verde masonry traditions.

Artifacts

The people of this community appear to have been closer in culture to the people of the Mesa Verde than to those of Chaco Canyon.Шаблон:Sfn The Crumbled House Black-on-white pottery of the Chuska tradition is similar to Mesa Verde Black-on-white, which was made between 1180 and 1300 AD, although not identical.Шаблон:Sfn Crumbled House Black on white has been found at 35% of sites where Mesa Verde Corrugated has been found, and at 20% of sites where Mancos Black-on-white was found.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Almost 20% of the chipped stone found at Crumbled House is Narbona Pass chert, from a quarry of the top of the Chuska mountains.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations Шаблон:Reflist Sources Шаблон:Refbegin

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book