Английская Википедия:Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation
Шаблон:Also Шаблон:For Шаблон:Infobox Unicode block
In Unicode, the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script is covered in three blocks in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP):
- U+12000–U+123FF Cuneiform
- U+12400–U+1247F Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation
- U+12480–U+1254F Early Dynastic Cuneiform
The sample glyphs in the chart file published by the Unicode Consortium[1] show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form (Early Dynastic period, mid 3rd millennium BCE). The characters as written during the 2nd and 1st millennia BCE, the era during which the vast majority of cuneiform texts were written, are considered font variants of the same characters.
Organization
The final proposal for Unicode encoding of the script was submitted by two cuneiform scholars working with an experienced Unicode proposal writer in June 2004.[2] The base character inventory is derived from the list of Ur III signs compiled by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative of UCLA based on the inventories of Miguel Civil, Rykle Borger (2003), and Robert Englund. Rather than opting for a direct ordering by glyph shape and complexity, according to the numbering of an existing catalogue, the Unicode order of glyphs was based on the Latin alphabetic order of their 'main' Sumerian transliteration as a practical approximation.
Block
Шаблон:Unicode chart Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation
Signs
- See also list of cuneiform signs.
The following table allows matching of Borger's 1981 and 2003 numbering with Unicode characters [3] The "primary" transliteration column has the glyphs' Sumerian values as given by the official glyph name, slightly modified here for legibility by including traditional assyriological symbols such as "x" rather than "TIMES". The exact Unicode names can be unambiguously recovered by prefixing, "CUNEIFORM [NUMERIC] SIGN", replacing "TIMES" for "x", "PLUS" for "+" and "OVER" for "/", "ASTERISK" for "*", "H" for "Ḫ", "SH" for "Š", and switching to uppercase.
| Sign | Code point | Name | Borger (2003) |
Borger (1981) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12038 | one AŠ | 001 | 1, from general Cuneiform_(Unicode_block) not this block | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12400 | two AŠ | 002 | 2 | 2, = U+1212C |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12401 | three AŠ | 004 | 3, EŠ6 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12402 | four AŠ | 215 | 124,42 | 4, LIMMU2, LIMM2, TAB.TAB |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12403 | five AŠ | 216 | 5, IA7, TAB.TAB.AŠ | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12404 | six AŠ | 217 | 6, AŠ4, TAB.TAB.TAB | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12405 | seven AŠ | 218 | 7, IMIN2, TAB.TAB.TAB.AŠ | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12406 | eight AŠ | 219 | 8, USSU2, TAB.TAB.TAB.TAB | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12407 | nine AŠ | 220 | 9, ILIMMU2, TAB.TAB.TAB.TAB.AŠ | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12408 | three DIŠ | 834 | 593 | 3, 180, EŠ5 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12409 | four DIŠ | 851; 852; 853 | 316 | 4, 240, ZA, LIMMU5, NIGIDALIMMU, = U+1235D |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1240A | five DIŠ | 861 | 598a | 5, 300, IA2 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1240B | six DIŠ | 862 | 598b | 6, 360, AŠ3 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1240C | seven DIŠ | 863 | 598c | 7, 420 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1240D | eight DIŠ | 864 | 598d | 8, 480 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1240E | nine DIŠ | 9, 540 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1240F | four U | 713 | 474 | 40, NIMIN |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12410 | five U | 714 | 475 | 50, NINNU |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12411 | six U | 715 | 476 | 60 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12412 | seven U | 716 | 477 | 70 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12413 | eight U | 717 | 478 | 80 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12414 | nine U | 718 | 479 | 90 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12415 | one GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12416 | two GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12417 | three GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12418 | four GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12419 | five GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1241A | six GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1241B | seven GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1241C | eight GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1241D | nine GEŠ2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1241E | one GEŠU | 824 | 534 | GEŠ2.U; 600 or 70 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1241F | two GEŠU | 1200 or 80 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12420 | three GEŠU | 1800 or 90 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12421 | four GEŠU | 2400 or 100 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12422 | five GEŠU | 3000 or 110 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12423 | two ŠAR2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12424 | three ŠAR2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12425 | three ŠAR2 variant form | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12426 | four ŠAR2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12427 | five ŠAR2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12428 | six ŠAR2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12429 | seven ŠAR2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1242A | eight ŠAR2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1242B | nine ŠAR2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1242C | one ŠARU | 653 | 409 | 36,000 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1242D | two ŠARU | 72,000 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1242E | three ŠARU | 108,000 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1242F | three ŠARU variant form | 108,000 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12430 | four ŠARU | 144,000 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12431 | five ŠARU | 180,000 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12432 | ŠAR2 x GAL.DIŠ | 651 | 408 | 216,000 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12433 | ŠAR2 x GAL.MIN | 652 | 408 | 432,000 |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12434 | one BURU | 662 | 350,8 | U gunû |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12435 | two BURU | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12436 | three BURU | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12437 | three BURU variant form | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12438 | four BURU | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12439 | five BURU | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1243A | EŠ16 | 505 | 3, = U+1203C | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1243B | EŠ21 | 210 | 3 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1243C | LIMMU | 859; 860 | 4, NIG2, GAR, NINDA | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1243D | LIMMU4 | 506 | 4 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1243E | ||||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1243F | ||||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12440 | AŠ9 | 536 | 6, EŠ16.EŠ16 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12441 | IMIN3 | 537 | 7, UMUN9 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12442 | IMIN | 863 | 7 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12443 | IMIN variant form | 866 | 7 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12444 | USSU | 867 | 8 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12445 | USSU3 | 538 | 8 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12446 | ILIMMU | 868 | 9 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12447 | ILIMMU3 | 539 | 9, EŠ16.EŠ16.EŠ16 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12448 | ILIMMU4 | 577 | 9 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12449 | DIŠ / DIŠ / DIŠ | 865v | 9 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1244A | two AŠ tenû | 593 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1244B | three AŠ tenû | 629 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1244C | four AŠ tenû | 854 | 379; 380 | ZA tenû, ERIM tenû |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1244D | five AŠ tenû | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1244E | six AŠ tenû | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1244F | one BAN2 | 122 | = U+12047 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12450 | two BAN2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12451 | three BAN2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12452 | four BAN2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12453 | four BAN2 variant form | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12454 | five BAN2 | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12455 | five BAN2 variant form | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12456 | NIGIDAMIN | 847, 848 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12457 | NIGIDAEŠ | 850 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12458 | one EŠE3 | = U+12041, U+12300 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12459 | two EŠE3 | = U+12049 | ||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1245A | one third | 826 | 571 | ŠUŠANA |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1245B | two thirds | 832 | 572 | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1245C | five sixths | 838 | 573 | KINGUSILA |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1245D | one third variant form | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1245E | two thirds variant form | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+1245F | one eighth | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12460 | one quarter | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12461 | Old Assyrian one sixth | 630 | Kültepe only | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12462 | Old Assyrian one quarter | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12470 | Old Assyrian word divider | |||
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12471 | vertical colon | 592 | Glossenkeil | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12472 | diagonal colon | 592 | Glossenkeil | |
| Шаблон:Cuneiform | U+12473 | diagonal tricolon |
History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation block:
See also
References
- Rylke Borger, Assyrisch-Babylonische Zeichenliste, 2nd ed., Neukirchen-Vluyn (1981)
- Rylke Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon, Münster (2003). *Michael Everson, Karljürgen Feuerherm, Steve Tinney, "Final proposal to encode the Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS", ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2786 (2004).
- ↑ Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)
- ↑ Unicode cuneiform
- ↑ (after Anderson's sign list Шаблон:Webarchive)
External links
- cuneiformsigns.org by Lloyd Anderson
- Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)
- Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation Unicode.org chart (PDF)
Font packages
- Akkadian Шаблон:Webarchive (reproduces the Sumerian (3rd millennium BC) glyphs given in the Unicode (reference chart), by George Douros Шаблон:Webarchive.
- Шаблон:In lang FreeIdgSerif (branched off FreeSerif), encodes some 390 Old Assyrian (2nd millennium BC) glyphs used in Hittite cuneiform.
Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «lower-alpha» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="lower-alpha"/>
