Английская Википедия:Cushing Eells
Шаблон:Infobox person Cushing Eells (February 16, 1810 – February 16, 1893) was an American Congregational church missionary, farmer and teacher on the Pacific coast of America in what are now the states of Oregon and Washington. His first mission in Washington State was unsuccessful. Eells and his family had to leave after the Native Americans massacred a group of neighboring missionaries. They spent the next fourteen years farming and teaching in Oregon, before returning to Washington, where Eells founded a seminary that later became the Whitman College. Eells continued to teach and preach in Washington for the remainder of his life.
Early years (1810–38)
Cushing Eells was born at Blandford, Massachusetts, on February 16, 1810. His parents were Joseph Eells and Elizabeth Eells, née Warner. He attended Williams College, and graduated in 1834, then went on to the East Windsor Theological Institute (later the Hartford Seminary) in Connecticut, from which he graduated in 1837.Шаблон:Sfn During vacations from the seminary he taught school. While teaching in Holden he met his future wife Myra Fairbanks (born on May 26, 1805), the eldest daughter of Deacon Joshua and Sally Fairbanks.Шаблон:Sfn
In the spring of 1837 the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions appointed Cushing and his fiancee Myra as missionaries to the Zulus in southeast Africa. They were advised to postpone their marriage until the eve of their departure.Шаблон:Sfn Eells was ordained as a Congregational minister on October 25, 1837.Шаблон:Sfn After a tribal war broke out the plans had to change.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn On December 5, 1837, Cushing and Myra were asked if they would be willing to go to Oregon instead, and they accepted the offer.Шаблон:Sfn
Tshimakain (1838–48)
On March 5, 1838, Eells married Myra Fairbanks in Massachusetts. The couple left the next day for the west coast with fellow-missionaries Elkanah and Mary Walker, William and Mary Gray, Asa Bowen Smith and his wife. On August 29, 1838, the party arrived at the winter lodge site of the Cayuse people at Waiilatpu on the Walla Walla River in what is now Washington state. The site would later be called the Whitman Mission after Dr. Marcus Whitman. The Eells and Walker families moved on to Tshimakain among the Spokanes.Шаблон:Sfn On September 16, 1838, Eells conducted the first Protestant service in Stevens County at Chewelah, preaching through an interpreter.Шаблон:Sfn
On January 11, 1840, the Eells house burned. Local Indians responded quickly to assist. When the Fort Colvile leader Archibald McDonald heard about the fire, he dispatched four men to make the house habitable.Шаблон:Sfn The Eellses had two sons while living at Tshimakain. Edwin Eells was born on July 27, 1841, and Myron Eells was born on October 7, 1843.Шаблон:Sfn Dr. Marcus Whitman was the attending physician at both births. Myra was thirty-seven years old when her first son was born.Шаблон:Sfn Myron Eells would become a missionary, and spent much of his life on the Skokomish Reservation, to the west of Puget Sound, where his brother Edwin was Indian Agent.Шаблон:Sfn Cushing and Myra Eells' mission was not successful. Myra Eells wrote in 1847, "We have been here nine years and have not yet been permitted to hear the cries of one penitent or the songs of one redeemed soul."Шаблон:Sfn
Willamette Valley (1848–62)
On November 29, 1847, the Whitmans and eleven other missionaries at Waiilaptu were killed in what became called the Whitman massacre.Шаблон:Sfn Tension had been building between the Cayuses and the growing numbers of American settlers in the area.Шаблон:Sfn A measles epidemic in November 1847 killed up to half the Cayuses, but only a few of the whites were affected. Some of the Cayuses blamed Whitman for the deaths of his patients, and this led to the killings, followed by the Cayuse War.Шаблон:Sfn Colonel Henry A. G. Lee, Oregon Volunteers called for volunteers to bring the Tshimakain missionaries to the Willamette Valley and safety. Major Joseph Magone with 60 volunteers escorted the Eells and Walker families to Oregon City on June 22, 1848.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
The Eellses reached the Willamette Valley in 1848.Шаблон:Sfn They settled in Forest Grove, Oregon, where they stayed for the next fourteen years.Шаблон:Sfn In 1855 Eells was dismissed by the American Board of Home Missions. At the time he was working a donation claim and also teaching.Шаблон:Sfn Cushing Eells taught at different schools in the Tualatin Plains, One was the Oregon Institute which later became Willamette University. In 1849 Eells founded the Tualatin Academy, now Pacific University.Шаблон:Sfn
Washington (1862–93)
The government reopened the northern region to settlement in 1859. In 1860 Cushing Eells acquired the mission claim area at Waiilatpu. He settled there with his family in 1862. Due to what he called a religious experience he decided to build a school on the site in memory of the Whitmans. The school was more than Шаблон:Convert from the new town of Walla Walla, and did not attract pupils. Eells bought land nearer to the town, where he started the Whitman Seminary.Шаблон:Sfn The first building was dedicated on October 13, 1866, on the site now occupied by the Whitman Conservatory of Music.Шаблон:Sfn The seminary opened on September 14, 1866, with Eells as the first principal. Eells was also appointed superintendent of schools for Walla Walla County. He devoted much effort in the years that followed to founding Congregational churches and schools in Washington Territory and raising money for the seminary.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
Eells became overworked with the demands of his farm, school and superintendent work. His house burned down in 1872. With his wife's support Eells resigned from his positions, sold his land and returned to the Willamette Valley.Шаблон:Sfn In 1872 he went to live with Edwin Eells at Skokomish, Washington, where he preached to both whites and Indians.Шаблон:Sfn In July 1874, Reverend Eells came back to the Chewelah area, the only one of the four missionaries to do so. The following Sunday, Eells conducted two services for the natives and two more for the white settlers at Chewelah. Eells consulted with John A. Simms, Indian agent for the area and located at Chewelah.Шаблон:Sfn He was pastor of the church at Skokomish from 1874 to 1876.Шаблон:Sfn Myra Eells died in Skokomish on August 9, 1878, at the age of seventy-three. Her son Myron Eells preached the funeral sermon.Шаблон:Sfn
Cushing Eells established the first Congregational Church at Chewelah in 1879 in the home of Thomas Brown (1827–1908).Шаблон:Sfn Eells continued to often preach to Indian groups in his later years, spent in eastern Washington. He spent his last years at the Puyallup Reservation, sometimes still working among the Indians.Шаблон:Sfn In 1892, a church was erected at Chewelah, although Reverend Eells was living west of the Cascade Mountains, he came and offered prayer in the new church some 54 years to the day after he first camped on the site. He gifted a bell for this church. He bought it in New York and paid for it a few days before his death.Шаблон:Sfn
Cushing Eells died on February 16, 1893, in Tacoma, Washington, aged 83.Шаблон:Sfn The historic marker beside the Chewelah church reads:
Notes
Citations
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Further reading
External links
- Cushing Eells collection at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College.
- Шаблон:Internet Archive author
Шаблон:Oregon Country Missionaries Шаблон:Authority control
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