Английская Википедия:Cyanostar

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

A cyanostar (pentacyanopentabenzo[25]annulene) is a shape-persistent macrocycle that binds anions.[1][2]

Файл:Cyanostar STM.png
Cyanostar as the central unit of a dendrimer

Synthesis

The cyanostar structure is synthesized in a one-pot process among five equivalents of a benzaldehyde bearing a meta-cyanomethyl substituent. A series of Knoevenagel condensation reactions catalyzed by various bases stitches them together to make the C5-symmetric structure.[3]

Anion binding

Cyanostar binds anions through hydrogen bonding from the C–H hydrogen bonds, as the hydrogen has a slight positive charge.[3] It is the first binder to make use of cyanostilbene's electropositive CH groups. The hydrogen bonds create an electropositive region in the center of the macrocycle, creating a binding pocket. Cyanostar strongly binds anions that usually can only be bound weakly. The increased binding arises from the formation of a 2:1 complex, with two cyanostars sandwiching the anion on each side.[3] An extended version of this structural pattern is a 4:3 alternating stack of cyanostar molecules complexing a hydrogen-bonded chain of dihydrogen phosphate units.[4]

Rotaxanes

Two cyanostars can be threaded onto a phosphate diester structure, forming a rotaxane. Because they have a high affinity for the central phosphate group only when it is in its anionic form, there is a substantial and reversible structural change in response to acid–base changes in solution.[5]

References

Шаблон:Reflist