Английская Википедия:Cyprinidae
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Automatic taxobox
Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 3,000 species; only 1,270 of these remain extant, divided into about 200 valid genera.[1][2] Cyprinids range from about Шаблон:Cvt in size to the Шаблон:Cvt giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis).[3] By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes.[1][2][4] The family name is derived from the Greek word Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Wikt-lang 'carp').
Biology and ecology
Cyprinids are stomachless, or agastric, fish with toothless jaws. Even so, food can be effectively chewed by the gill rakers of the specialized last gill bow. These pharyngeal teeth allow the fish to make chewing motions against a chewing plate formed by a bony process of the skull. The pharyngeal teeth are unique to each species and are used by scientists to identify species. Strong pharyngeal teeth allow fish such as the common carp and ide to eat hard baits such as snails and bivalves.
Hearing is a well-developed sense in the cyprinids since they have the Weberian organ, three specialized vertebral processes that transfer motion of the gas bladder to the inner ear. The vertebral processes of the Weberian organ also permit a cyprinid to detect changes in motion of the gas bladder due to atmospheric conditions or depth changes. The cyprinids are considered physostomes because the pneumatic duct is retained in adult stages and the fish are able to gulp air to fill the gas bladder, or they can dispose of excess gas to the gut.
Cyprinids are native to North America, Africa, and Eurasia. The largest known cyprinid is the giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis), which may grow up to Шаблон:Cvt in length and Шаблон:Cvt in weight.[3] Other very large species that can surpass Шаблон:Cvt are the golden mahseer (Tor putitora) and mangar (Luciobarbus esocinus).[5][6] The largest North American species is the Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), which can reach up to Шаблон:Cvt in length.[7] Conversely, many species are smaller than Шаблон:Cvt. The smallest known fish is Paedocypris progenetica, reaching Шаблон:Cvt at the longest.[8]
All fish in this family are egg-layers and most do not guard their eggs; however, a few species build nests and/or guard the eggs. The bitterlings of subfamily Acheilognathinae are notable for depositing their eggs in bivalve molluscs, where the young develop until able to fend for themselves.
Cyprinids contain the first and only known example of androgenesis in a vertebrate, in the Squalius alburnoides allopolyploid complex.[9]
Most cyprinids feed mainly on invertebrates and vegetation, probably due to the lack of teeth and stomach; however, some species, like the asp, are predators that specialize in fish. Many species, such as the ide and the common rudd, prey on small fish when individuals become large enough. Even small species, such as the moderlieschen, are opportunistic predators that will eat larvae of the common frog in artificial circumstances.
Some cyprinids, such as the grass carp, are specialized herbivores; others, such as the common nase, eat algae and biofilms, while others, such as the black carp, specialize in snails, and some, such as the silver carp, are specialized filter feeders. For this reason, cyprinids are often introduced as a management tool to control various factors in the aquatic environment, such as aquatic vegetation and diseases transmitted by snails.
Unlike most fish species, cyprinids generally increase in abundance in eutrophic lakes. Here, they contribute towards positive feedback as they are efficient at eating the zooplankton that would otherwise graze on the algae, reducing its abundance.
Relationship with humans
Food
Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and farmed across Eurasia. In land-locked countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten because they make the largest part of biomass in most water types except for fast-flowing rivers. In Eastern Europe, they are often prepared with traditional methods such as drying and salting. The prevalence of inexpensive frozen fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places, they remain popular for food, as well as recreational fishing, for ornamental use, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.[10]
Sport
Cyprinids are popular for angling especially for match fishing (due to their dominance in biomass and numbers) and fishing for common carp because of its size and strength.
As pest control
Several cyprinids have been introduced to waters outside their natural ranges to provide food, sport, or biological control for some pest species. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are the most important of these, for example in Florida.
As a pest species
Carp in particular can stir up sediment, reducing the clarity of the water and making plant growth difficult.[11][12]
In America and Australia, such as the Asian carp in the Mississippi Basin, they have become invasive species that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment.
Cyprinus carpio is a major pest species in Australia impacting freshwater environments, amenity, and the agricultural economy, devastating biodiversity by decimating native fish populations where they first became established as a major pest in the wild in the 1960s. In the major river system of eastern Australia, the Murray-Darling Basin, they constitute 80-90 per cent of fish biomass.[13]
In 2016 the federal government announced A$15.2 million to fund the National Carp Control Plan to investigate using Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (carp virus) as a biological control agent while minimising impacts on industry and environment should a carp virus release go ahead. Despite initial, favourable assessment,[14][15][16] in 2020 this plan was found to be unlikely to work due to the high fecundity of the fish.[17]
Aquarium fish
Numerous cyprinids have become popular and important within the aquarium and fishpond hobbies, most famously the goldfish, which was bred in China from the Prussian carp (Carassius (auratus) gibelio). First imported into Europe around 1728, it was originally much-fancied by the Chinese nobility as early as 1150Шаблон:NbspAD and, after it arrived there in 1502, also in Japan. In addition to the goldfish, the common carp was bred in Japan into the colorful ornamental variety known as koi — or more accurately Шаблон:Nihongo, as Шаблон:Nihongo simply means "common carp" in Japanese — from the 18th century until today.
Other popular aquarium cyprinids include danionins, rasborines and true barbs.[18] Larger species are bred by the thousands in outdoor ponds, particularly in Southeast Asia, and trade in these aquarium fishes is of considerable commercial importance. The small rasborines and danionines are perhaps only rivalled by characids (tetras) and poecilid livebearers in their popularity for community aquaria.Шаблон:Citation needed Some of the most popular cyprinids among aquarists, other than goldfish and koi, include the cherry barb, Harlequin rasbora, pearl danios, rainbow sharks, tiger barbs, and the White Cloud Mountain minnow.
One particular species of these small and undemanding danionines is the zebrafish (Danio rerio). It has become the standard model species for studying developmental genetics of vertebrates, in particular fish.[19]
Threatened families
Habitat destruction and other causes have reduced the wild stocks of several cyprinids to dangerously low levels; some are already entirely extinct. In particular, the cyprinids of the subfamily Leuciscinae from southwestern North America have been hit hard by pollution and unsustainable water use in the early to mid-20th century; most globally extinct cypriniform species are in fact leuciscinid cyprinids from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Systematics
The massive diversity of cyprinids has so far made it difficult to resolve their phylogeny in sufficient detail to make assignment to subfamilies more than tentative in many cases. Some distinct lineages obviously exist – for example, the Cultrinae and Leuciscinae, regardless of their exact delimitation, are rather close relatives and stand apart from CyprininaeШаблон:Sndsbut the overall systematics and taxonomy of the Cyprinidae remain a subject of considerable debate. A large number of genera are incertae sedis, too equivocal in their traits and/or too little-studied to permit assignment to a particular subfamily with any certainty.[20][21][22]
Part of the solution seems that the delicate rasborines are the core group, consisting of minor lineages that have not shifted far from their evolutionary niche, or have coevolved for millions of years. These are among the most basal lineages of living cyprinids. Other "rasborines" are apparently distributed across the diverse lineages of the family.[21]
The validity and circumscription of proposed subfamilies like the Labeoninae or Squaliobarbinae also remain doubtful, although the latter do appear to correspond to a distinct lineage. The sometimes-seen grouping of the large-headed carps (Hypophthalmichthyinae) with Xenocypris, though, seems quite in error. More likely, the latter are part of the Cultrinae.[21]
The entirely paraphyletic "Barbinae" and the disputed Labeoninae might be better treated as part of the Cyprininae, forming a close-knit group whose internal relationships are still little known. The small African "barbs" do not belong in Barbus sensu stricto – indeed, they are as distant from the typical barbels and the typical carps (Cyprinus) as these are from Garra (which is placed in the Labeoninae by most who accept the latter as distinct) and thus might form another as yet unnamed subfamily. However, as noted above, how various minor lineages tie into this has not yet been resolved; therefore, such a radical move, though reasonable, is probably premature.[20][23]
The tench (Tinca tinca), a significant food species farmed in western Eurasia in large numbers, is unusual. It is most often grouped with the Leuciscinae, but even when these were rather loosely circumscribed, it always stood apart. A cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data of the S7 ribosomal protein intronШаблон:Nbsp1 supports the view that it is distinct enough to constitute a monotypic subfamily. It also suggests it may be closer to the small East Asian Aphyocypris, Hemigrammocypris, and Yaoshanicus. They would have diverged roughly at the same time from cyprinids of east-central Asia, perhaps as a result of the Alpide orogeny that vastly changed the topography of that region in the late Paleogene, when their divergence presumably occurred.[22]
A DNA-based analysis of these fish places the Rasborinae as the basal lineage with the Cyprininae as a sister clade to the Leuciscinae.[24] The subfamilies Acheilognathinae, Gobioninae, and Leuciscinae are monophyletic.
Subfamilies and genera
The 5th Edition of Fishes of the World sets out the following subfamilies:[25]
Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
Subfamily Acheilognathinae
- Acanthorhodeus (Khanka spiny bitterling)
- Acheilognathus (bitterlings)
- Rhodeus (bitterlings)
- Tanakia (bitterlings)
Subfamily Alburninae
- Alburnoides
- Alburnus (bleaks)
- Aspiolucius (pike asp)
- Metzia
Subfamily Barbinae
- Acrossocheilus
- Anchicyclocheilus
- Aulopyge (Dalmatian barbelgudgeon)
- Balantiocheilos
- Barbus (typical barbels and barbs)
- Carasobarbus
- Clypeobarbus
- Dawkinsia [26]
- Desmopuntius [27]
- Diptychus
- Haludaria [28]
- Шаблон:ExtinctHsianwenia[29]
- Kalimantania
- Luciobarbus
- Mesopotamichthys
- Neobarynotus
- Oliotius [27]
- Oreichthys
- Pethia [26]
- Puntigrus [27]
- Puntius (spotted barbs)
- Sahyadria
- Schizopyge (snowtrouts)
- Schizothorax (snowtrouts)
- Sinocyclocheilus (golden-line fish)
- Striuntius [27]
- Systomus
Subfamily Cultrinae
- Anabarilius
- Chanodichthys
- Culter
- Cultrichthys
- Hainania
- Hemiculter (sharpbellies)
- Ischikauia
- Megalobrama
- Parabramis (white Amur bream)
- Paralaubuca
- Pseudohemiculter
- Pseudolaubuca
- Sinibrama
- Toxabramis
Subfamily Cyprininae
- Barboides
- Barbonymus (tinfoil barbs)
- Capoeta (khramulyas)
- Carassioides
- Carassius (Crucian carps and goldfish)
- Cyprinus (typical carps)
- Eechathalakenda
- Gymnocypris
Subfamily Danioninae
- Amblypharyngodon (carplets)
- Aspidoparia
- Barilius
- Betadevario
- Boraras (rasboras)
- Cabdio
- Chelaethiops
- Chela
- Danio (danios)
- Danionella
- Devario
- Esomus (flying barbs)
- Engraulicypris
- Fangfangia [30]
- Horadandia
- Inlecypris
- Laubuka
- Leptocypris
- Luciosoma
- Malayochela
- Microdevario
- Microrasbora
- Nematabramis
- Neobola
- Opsaridium
- Opsarius
- Paedocypris
- Pectenocypris
- Raiamas
- Rasbora
- Rasboroides
- Rasbosoma (dwarf scissortail rasbora)
- Rastrineobola (silver cyprinid)
- Salmostoma (razorbelly minnows)
- Securicula
- Sundadanio
- Trigonopoma
- Trigonostigma
Subfamily Gobioninae
- Abbottina (false gudgeons)
- Belligobio
- Biwia
- Coreius
- Coreoleuciscus
- Gnathopogon
- Gobio (typical gudgeons)
- Gobiobotia
- Gobiocypris
- Hemibarbus (steeds)
- Huigobio
- Ladislavia
- Mesogobio
- Microphysogobio
- Paracanthobrama
- Paraleucogobio
- Parasqualidus
- Platysmacheilus
- Pseudogobio
- Pseudopungtungia
- Pseudorasbora
- Pungtungia
- Rhinogobio
- Romanogobio
- Sarcocheilichthys
- Saurogobio
- Squalidus
- Xenophysogobio
Subfamily Labeoninae
- Bangana
- Brevibora
- Cirrhinus (mud carps)
- Cophecheilus
- Crossocheilus
- Discocheilus
- Discogobio
- Discolabeo
- Garra
- Henicorhynchus
- Horalabiosa
- Hongshuia
- Labeo (labeos)
- Labeobarbus (yellowfish)
- Labiobarbus
- Longanalus
- Osteochilichthys
- Osteochilus
- Paraqianlabeo [31]
- Parasinilabeo
- Placocheilus
- Protolabeo
- Pseudocrossocheilus
- Pseudogyrinocheilus
- Ptychidio
- Qianlabeo
- Rectoris
- Semilabeo
- Sinigarra [32]
- Sinilabeo
- Sinocrossocheilus
- Stenorynchoacrum [33]
- Tariqilabeo
- Vinagarra
- Vinalabeo [34]
Subfamily Leptobarbinae
Subfamily Leuciscinae
Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
- Abramis (common bream)
- Acanthobrama (bleaks)
- Achondrostoma
- Anaecypris
- Acrocheilus (chiselmouth)
- Agosia (longfin dace)
- Algansea (Mexican chubs)
- Aztecula (Aztec chub)
- Ballerus (breams)
- Blicca (silver bream)
- Campostoma (stonerollers)
- Chondrostoma (typical nases)
- Chrosomus (typical daces)
- Clinostomus (redside daces)
- Codoma (ornate shiner)
- Coreoleuciscus (Korean splendid dace)
- Couesius (lake chub)
- Cyprinella (satinfin shiners)
- Delminichthys
- Dionda (desert minnows)
- Eremichthys (desert dace)
- Ericymba (longjaw minnows)
- Erimystax (slender chubs)
- Шаблон:ExtinctEvarra (Mexican daces)
- Exoglossum (cutlips minnows)
- Gila (western chubs)
- Hemitremia (flame chub)
- Hesperoleucus (California roach)
- Hybognathus (silvery minnows)
- Hybopsis (bigeye chubs)
- Iberochondrostoma
- Iberocypris
- Iotichthys (least chub)
- Kottelatia
- Ladigesocypris
- Lavinia (hitch)
- Lepidomeda (spinedaces)
- Leucalburnus
- Leucaspius (moderlieschen)
- Leuciscus (Eurasian daces)
- Leucos [35]
- Luxilus (highscale shiners)
- Lythrurus (finescale shiners)
- Macrhybopsis (blacktail chubs)
- Margariscus (pearl daces)
- Meda (pikedace)
- Moapa (moapa dace)
- Mylocheilus (peamouth)
- Mylopharodon (hardhead)
- Nocomis (hornyhead chubs)
- Notemigonus (golden shiner)
- Notropis (eastern shiners)
- Opsopoeodus (pugnose minnow)
- Oregonichthys (Oregon chubs)
- Orthodon (Sacramento blackfish)
- Pachychilon
- Parachondrostoma
- Pararhinichthys (cheat minnow)
- Pelasgus
- Pelecus (sabre carp)
- Petroleuciscus (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces)
- Phenacobius (suckermouth minnows)
- Phoxinellus
- Phoxinus (Eurasian minnows and daces)
- Pimephales (bluntnose minnows)
- Plagopterus (woundfin)
- Platygobio (flathead chub)
- Pogonichthys (splittails)
- Protochondrostoma (South European nase)
- Pseudochondrostoma
- Pseudophoxinus
- Pteronotropis (flagfin shiners)
- Ptychocheilus (pikeminnows)
- Relictus (relict dace)
- Rhinichthys (riffle daces, loach minnows) (including Tiaroga)
- Rhynchocypris (Eurasian minnows)
- Richardsonius (redside shiners)
- Rutilus (roaches)
- Sarmarutilus [35]
- Scardinius (rudds)
- Semotilus (creek chubs)
- Siphateles
- Snyderichthys (spinedaces)
- Squalius (European chubs)
- Шаблон:ExtinctStypodon (stumptooth minnow)
- Tampichthys
- Telestes
- Tribolodon
- Tropidophoxinellus
- Vimba (Vimbas)
- Yuriria
Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
Subfamily Squaliobarbinae
- Ctenopharyngodon (grass carp)
- Mylopharyngodon (black carp)
- Squaliobarbus
Subfamily Xenocyprinae
- Distoechodon
- Hypophthalmichthys (bighead carps)
- Plagiognathops
- Pseudobrama
- Xenocypris
Incertae sedis
Possibly related to Aphyocypris.
Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
- Aaptosyax (giant salmon carp)
- Acanthalburnus (bleaks)
- Acanthogobio
- Acapoeta
- Albulichthys
- Amblyrhynchichthys
- Ancherythroculter
- Aphyocypris
- Araiocypris
- Aspiorhynchus
- Atrilinea
- Barbichthys
- Barbopsis (Somalian blind barb)
- Caecobarbus (Congo blind barb)
- Caecocypris
- Candidia
- Capoetobrama
- Catlocarpio
- Chagunius
- Chuanchia
- Coptostomabarbus
- Cosmochilus
- Cyclocheilichthys
- Cyprinion
- Diplocheilichthys
- Discherodontus
- Eirmotus
- Elopichthys
- Epalzeorhynchos
- Folifer
- Gibelion (catla) (some authorities consider this species to belong in the genus Catla)
- Gymnodanio
- Gymnodiptychus
- Hampala
- Hemiculterella
- Hemigrammocypris (close to Aphyocypris?)
- Herzensteinia
- Hypselobarbus
- Hypsibarbus
- Laocypris
- Lepidopygopsis
- Linichthys
- Lobocheilos
- Longiculter
- Luciobrama
- Luciocyprinus
- Macrochirichthys (long pectoral-fin minnow)
- Megarasbora
- Mekongina
- Metzia
- Mystacoleucus
- Naziritor (Zhobi mahseers)
- Neolissochilus (mahseers)
- Nipponocypris
- Ochetobius
- Onychostoma
- Opsariichthys
- Oreoleuciscus
- Osteobrama
- Oxygaster
- Oxygymnocypris
- Parachela
- Paracrossochilus
- Parapsilorhynchus
- Parasikukia
- Paraspinibarbus
- Parator
- Parazacco
- Percocypris
- Phreatichthys (Somalian cavefish)
- Placogobio
- Platypharodon
- Pogobrama
- Poropuntius
- Probarbus
- Procypris
- Prolabeo
- Prolabeops
- Pseudaspius
- Ptychobarbus
- Puntioplites
- Rasborichthys
- Rohtee (Vatani rohtee)
- Rohteichthys
- Sanagia
- Sawbwa (Sawbwa barb)
- Scaphiodonichthys
- Scaphognathops
- Scardinius (rudds)
- Schismatorhynchos
- Schizocypris (snowtrouts)
- Schizopygopsis (snowtrouts)
- Semiplotus
- Sikukia
- Spinibarbus
- Thryssocypris
- Thynnichthys
- Tor (mahseers)
- Troglocyclocheilus
- Tropidophoxinellus
- Typhlobarbus
- Typhlogarra (Iraq blind barb)
- Xenobarbus
- Xenocyprioides
- Zacco
With such a large and diverse family the taxonomy and phylogenies are always being worked on so alternative classifications are being created as new information is discovered, for example:[36]
Phylogeny
Subfamily Probarbinae
Subfamily Labeoninae
- Tribe Parapsilorhynchini
- Tribe Labeonini
- Bangana
- Cirrhinus (mud carps)
- Decourus[37]
- Gymnostomus
- Incisilabeo
- Labeo (labeos)
- Speolabeo
- Schismatorhynchos
- Tribe Garrini
- Garra
- Paracrossocheilus
- Tariqilabeo
- Osteochilus clade
- Semilabeo clade
Subfamily Torinae Шаблон:Col-begin
- Tribe Torini[39]
- Arabibarbus [40]
- Carasobarbus
- Labeobarbus (yellowfish)
- Mesopotamichthys
- Pterocapoeta
- Acapoeta
- Barbopsis (Somalian blind barb)
- Hypselobarbus
- Lepidopygopsis
- Naziritor (Zhobi mahseers)
Subfamily Smiliogastrinae Шаблон:Col-begin
- Tribe Smiliogastrini[41]
- Amatolacypris
- Cheilobarbus
- Enteromius (African barbs)
- Namaquacypris
- Pseudobarbus (redfins)
- Sedercypris (Cedarberg redfins)
- Barboides
- Caecobarbus (Congo blind barb)
- Chagunius
- Clypeobarbus
- Coptostomabarbus
- Dawkinsia [26]
- Desmopuntius [27]
- Eechathalakenda
- Enteromius
- Haludaria [42]
- Hampala
- Oliotius [27]
- Oreichthys
- Osteobrama
- Pethia [26]
- Prolabeo
- Prolabeops
- Puntigrus [27]
- Puntius (spotted barbs)
- Rohtee (Vatani rohtee)
- Sahyadria
- Striuntius [27]
- Systomus
- Waikhomia
- Xenobarbus
Subfamily Cyprininae [incl. Barbinae] Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
- Tribe Cyprinini
- Aaptosyax (giant salmon carp)
- Carassioides
- Carassius (Crucian carps and goldfish)
- Cyprinus (typical carps)
- Luciocyprinus
- Paraspinibarbus
- Parator
- Procypris
- Pseudosinocyclocheilus
- Sinibarbus
- Sinocyclocheilus (golden-line fish)
- Typhlobarbus
- Tribe Rohteichthyini
- Albulichthys
- Amblyrhynchichthys
- Anematichthys
- Balantiocheilos
- Barbonymus (tinfoil barbs)
- Cosmochilus
- Cyclocheilichthys
- Cyclocheilos
- Discherodontus
- Eirmotus
- Hypsibarbus
- Kalimantania
- Laocypris
- Mystacoleucus
- Parasikukia
- Poropuntius
- Puntioplites
- Rohteichthys
- Sawbwa (Sawbwa barb)
- Scaphognathops
- Sikukia
- Troglocyclocheilus
- Tribe Acrossocheilini
- Tribe Spinibarbini
- Tribe Schizothoracini
- Aspiorhynchus
- Percocypris
- Schizopyge (snowtrouts)
- Schizothorax (snowtrouts)
- Tribe Schizopygopsini
- Tribe Barbini
- Aulopyge (Dalmatian barbelgudgeon)
- Barbus (typical barbels)
- Barbodes
- Шаблон:ExtinctHsianwenia[29]
- Caecocypris
- Capoeta (khramulyas)
- Cyprinion
- Kantaka
- Luciobarbus
- Scaphiodonichthys
- Schizocypris (snowtrouts)
- Semiplotus
Subfamily Danioninae Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
- Tribe Paedocypridini
- Tribe Sundadanionini
- Tribe Rasborini
- Amblypharyngodon (carplets)
- Boraras (rasboras)
- Brevibora
- Horadandia
- Kottelatia
- Pectenocypris
- Rasbora
- Rasboroides
- Rasbosoma (dwarf scissortail rasbora)
- Trigonopoma
- Trigonostigma
- Tribe Danionini
- Tribe Chedrini
- Barilius
- Bengala
- Cabdio [Aspidoparia]
- Chelaethiops
- Engraulicypris
- Esomus (flying barbs)
- Leptocypris
- Luciosoma
- Malayochela
- Nematabramis
- Neobola
- Opsaridium
- Opsarius
- Raiamas
- Rastrineobola (silver cyprinid)
- Salmostoma (razorbelly minnows)
- Securicula
- Thryssocypris
Subfamily Leptobarbinae
Subfamily Xenocypridinae [incl. Cultrinae & Squaliobarbinae] Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
- Tribe Squaliobarbini
- Tribe Opsariichthyini
- Tribe Oxygastrini
- Aphyocypris
- Araiocypris
- Gymnodanio
- Hemigrammocypris
- Macrochirichthys (long pectoral-fin minnow)
- Metzia
- Oxygaster
- Parachela
- Paralaubuca
- Rasborichthys
- Tribe Hypophthalmichthyini
- Atrilinea
- Ctenopharyngodon (grass carp)
- Elopichthys
- Hypophthalmichthys (bighead carps)
- Luciobrama
- Mylopharyngodon (black carp)
- Ochetobius
- Tribe Xenocypridini
- Subtribe Xenocypridina
- Subtribe Cultrina
- Anabarilius
- Chanodichthys
- Culter
- Ischikauia
- Longiculter
- Megalobrama
- Parabramis (white Amur bream)
- Pogobrama
- Sinibrama
- Hemiculter clade
- Hainania
- Hemiculter (sharpbellies)
- Pseudohemiculter
- Pseudolaubuca
- Toxabramis
Subfamily Tincinae
Subfamily Acheilognathinae (bitterlings)
- ?Acanthorhodeus (Khanka spiny bitterling)
- Acheilognathus
- Paratanakia
- Pseudorhodeus
- Rhodeus
- Tanakia
Subfamily Gobioninae Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
- Hemibarbus-Squalidus clade
- Belligobio
- Hemibarbus (steeds)
- Squalidus
- Tribe Gobionini [43]
- Subtribe Gobiobotiina
- Subtribe Gobionina
- Gobio (typical gudgeons)
- Mesogobio
- Romanogobio
- Acanthogobio
- Subtribe Armatogobionina
- Abbottina (false gudgeons)
- Biwia
- ?Huigobio
- Microphysogobio
- Platysmacheilus
- Pseudogobio
- Saurogobio
- Tribe Sarcocheilichthyini
Subfamily Tanichthyinae
Subfamily Leuciscinae [incl. Alburninae] Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
- Tribe Phoxinini
- Oreoleuciscus
- Phoxinus (Eurasian minnows and daces)
- Pseudaspius
- Tribe Laviniini
- Subtribe Chrosomina
- Chrosomus (typical daces)
- Subtribe Laviniina
- Eremichthys (desert dace)
- Gila (western chubs)
- Hesperoleucus (California roach)
- Klamathella
- Lavinia (hitch)
- Mylopharodon (hardhead)
- Orthodon (Sacramento blackfish)
- Ptychocheilus (pikeminnows)
- Relictus (relict dace)
- Siphateles
- Subtribe Chrosomina
- Tribe Leuciscini
- Pachychilon clade
- Alburnoides clade
- Primitive Leuciscine clade
- Delminichthys
- Leucalburnus
- Notemigonus (golden shiner)
- Pelasgus
- Subtribe Leuciscina
- Aspiolucius (pike asp)
- Leuciscus (Eurasian daces)
- Pelecus (sabre carp)
- Subtribe Abramina
- Abramis (common bream)
- Acanthobrama (bleaks)
- Capoetobrama
- Mirogrex
- Vimba (Vimbas)
- Subtribe Chondrostomina
- Achondrostoma
- Alburnus (bleaks)
- Anaecypris
- Chondrostoma (typical nases)
- Iberochondrostoma
- Leucaspius (moderlieschen)
- Leucos [35]
- Parachondrostoma
- Petroleuciscus (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces)
- Phoxinellus
- Protochondrostoma (South European nase)
- Pseudochondrostoma
- Pseudophoxinus
- Rutilus (roaches)
- Sarmarutilus [35]
- Scardinius (rudds)
- Squalius (European chubs)
- Telestes
- Tropidophoxinellus
- Tribe Plagiopterini
- Couesius (lake chub)
- Hemitremia (flame chub)
- Lepidomeda (spinedaces)
- Margariscus (pearl daces)
- Meda (pikedace)
- Plagopterus (woundfin)
- Rhynchocypris (Eurasian minnows)
- Semotilus (creek chubs)
- Шаблон:ExtinctStypodon (stumptooth minnow)
- Tribe Pogonichthyini
- Subtribe Pogonichthyina
- Clinostomus (redside daces)
- Iotichthys (least chub)
- Mylocheilus (peamouth)
- Pogonichthys (splittails)
- Richardsonius (redside shiners)
- Subtribe Exoglossina
- Exoglossum (cutlips minnows)
- Oregonichthys (Oregon chubs)
- Pararhinichthys (cheat minnow)
- Rhinichthys (riffle daces, loach minnows)
- Tiaroga
- Subtribe Campostomina
- Campostoma (stonerollers)
- Nocomis (hornyhead chubs)
- Subtribe Hybognathina
- Agosia (longfin dace)
- Alburnops
- Algansea (Mexican chubs)
- ?Aztecula (Aztec chub)
- Codoma (ornate shiner)
- Cyprinella (satinfin shiners)
- Dionda (desert minnows)
- ?Ericymba (longjaw minnows)
- Erimonax
- Erimystax (slender chubs)
- Шаблон:ExtinctEvarra (Mexican daces)
- Graodus
- Hudsonius
- Hybognathus (silvery minnows)
- Hybopsis (bigeye chubs)
- ?Iberocypris
- ?Ladigesocypris
- Luxilus (highscale shiners)
- Lythrurus (finescale shiners)
- Macrhybopsis (blacktail chubs)
- Miniellus
- ?Moapa (moapa dace)
- Notropis (eastern shiners)
- Opsopoeodus (pugnose minnow)
- Phenacobius (suckermouth minnows)
- Pimephales (bluntnose minnows)
- Platygobio (flathead chub)
- Pteronotropis (flagfin shiners)
- ?Snyderichthys (spinedaces)
- Tampichthys
- ?Tribolodon
- ?Yuriria
- Subtribe Pogonichthyina
Incertae sedis
Possibly related to Aphyocypris.
Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-1-of-2
- Acanthalburnus (bleaks)
- Acrocheilus (chiselmouth)
- Ancherythroculter
- Anchicyclocheilus
- Gibelion (catla) (some authorities consider this species to belong in the genus Catla)
- Cultrichthys
- Discocheilus
- Discolabeo
- Hemiculterella
- Herzensteinia
- Horalabiosa
- Megarasbora
- Neobarynotus
- Paracrossochilus
- Phreatichthys (Somalian cavefish)
- Placogobio
- Scardinius (rudds)
- Tropidophoxinellus
- Typhlogarra (Iraq blind barb)
- Zacco
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Commons category-inline Шаблон:Wikispecies-inline
Шаблон:Carp Шаблон:Taxonbar Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:FishBase family
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cof family
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:FishBase
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:FishBase
- ↑ Шаблон:FishBase
- ↑ Шаблон:FishBase
- ↑ Шаблон:FishBase
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 26,0 26,1 26,2 26,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 27,2 27,3 27,4 27,5 27,6 27,7 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 30,0 30,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 31,0 31,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 35,0 35,1 35,2 35,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBetancurне указан текст - ↑ 37,0 37,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Cyprinidae
- Ray-finned fish families
- Fish of North America
- Fish of Asia
- Fish of Europe
- Fish of Africa
- Extant Eocene first appearances
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
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