Английская Википедия:Cypriot Arabic

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language Шаблон:Location map Cypriot Arabic (Шаблон:Lang-ar), also known as Cypriot Maronite Arabic or Sanna[1] is a moribund variety of Arabic spoken by the Maronite community of Cyprus. Formerly speakers were mostly situated in Kormakitis, but following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, the majority relocated to the south and dispersed,Шаблон:Sfnp leading to the decline of the language.Шаблон:Sfnp Traditionally bilingual in Cypriot Greek, as of some time prior to 2000, all remaining speakers of Cypriot Arabic were over 30 years of age.[2] A 2011 census reported that, of the 3,656 Maronite Cypriots in Republic of Cyprus-controlled areas, none declared Cypriot Arabic as their first language.Шаблон:Sfnp

History and classification

Cypriot Arabic was first introduced to Cyprus by Maronites who came mainly from Lebanon and Syria as early as the seventh century, with waves of immigration up to the thirteenth century.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Since 2002, it is one of UNESCO-designated severely endangered languagesШаблон:Sfnp and, since 2008, it is recognised as a minority language of Cyprus,[3] coinciding with an attempt to revitalise the language.Шаблон:Sfnp

Cypriot Arabic has in the past been assigned to a Syrian-Lebanese or Levantine Arabic classification, likely owing to the contemporary presence of a large Lebanese-speaking Maronite community on the mainland.Шаблон:Sfnp However, more recently it has been shown to share a large number of common features with the qeltu or North Mesopotamian Arabic dialects of Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, and a pre-Cypriot medieval antecedent has been deduced as belonging to this dialect area.Шаблон:Sfnp Indications of an Aramaic substrate suggest it was close to the time of the language shift from Aramaic to Arabic; other features are common to those of Syro-Lebanese and Palestinian, which go back to a period in which there was a dialect continuum between the Mesopotamian dialects and the Syrian dialect area.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

In the Cypriot stage, the language was extensively restructured through contact with Cypriot Greek, acquiring numerous features and constraints not typical of Arabic.Шаблон:Sfnp Essentially unintelligible to mainland Arabic speakers, it is characterized as an isolated "peripheral Arabic" along with others such as Maltese.Шаблон:Sfnp Its Arabic component is a hybrid of dialects from diverse areas and times of Southeastern Anatolia, northern Syria, and Mesopotamia, as well as the Levant, offering unique insights into the historical evolution of Eastern Arabic.Шаблон:Sfnp

Phonology

Шаблон:Missing information Шаблон:Harvtxt argues that the sound system of Cypriot Arabic has been heavily influenced by that of Cypriot Greek. Cypriot Arabic has lost all emphatic consonants and stop-voicing opposition (though this is subject to debate in literature)Шаблон:Sfnp—but retained gemination. Geminate voiceless stop consonants surface as aspirates.Шаблон:Sfnp Furthermore, Old Arabic Шаблон:IPAslink merged with Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA became Шаблон:IPA, and Шаблон:IPA merged with Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp

The consonant phonemes of Cypriot Arabic, according to Шаблон:Harvtxt, are Шаблон:IPA. Affricates Шаблон:IPA occur as allophones of clusters Шаблон:IPA. Voiced stops occur as allophones of voiceless stops intervocalically and next to a sonorant or Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp There are five vowel phonemes, Шаблон:IPA, and two diphthongs, Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp Phonological rules observed in Cypriot Arabic include:Шаблон:Sfnp

Phenomena similar to the first three are also observed in Cypriot Greek.

Vocabulary

Шаблон:Cn span

Writing system

In May 2009, the Committee of Experts for the Codification of Cypriot Maronite Arabic submitted an action plan for the codification and revitalisation of the language to the Cypriot government.Шаблон:Sfnp The Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research reported in 2006 that both the Greek and Latin script had been suggested for adoption. The Greek script is used for Cypriot Arabic in a Cypriot Arabic–Greek dictionary.Шаблон:Sfnp

Alexander Borg, a linguist specialising in the language, created a Latin-based alphabet with elements from Maltese and Greek that the non-governmental organisation for the revitalisation of the language "Hki Fi Sanna" endorsed in 2007, and some "small texts" have apparently been translated into it.Шаблон:Sfnp

Cypriot Arabic Latin Alphabet
A B C D Δ E F G Ġ Ċ I J K L M N O P Θ R S T U V W X Y Z Ş
a b c d ẟ e f g ġ ċ i j k l m n o p θ r s t u v w x y z ş

All letters loosely represent their IPA values, with some exceptions: Шаблон:Columns-list

Examples

Phrases[4]
Шаблон:Lang My name is Kumetto. What is your name?
Шаблон:Lang My name is Pavlo. What is your name? (fem.)
Шаблон:Lang What is his name?
Шаблон:Lang My father's name is Antoni
Шаблон:Lang What do eight and nine make?
Шаблон:Lang They make seventeen
Шаблон:Lang What day was yesterday? Yesterday was Thursday
Шаблон:Lang What day is tomorrow? Tomorrow is Saturday
Шаблон:Lang On Sunday we go to church
Шаблон:Lang I ate bread with olives, some honey and drank some cow's milk
Шаблон:Lang Yes
Шаблон:Lang No

See also

Notes and references

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Languages of Cyprus Шаблон:Varieties of Arabic Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:E13
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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