Английская Википедия:Cyrus Edwin Dallin

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Cyrus Edwin Dallin (November 22, 1861 – November 14, 1944) was an American sculptor best known for his depictions of Native Americans. He created more than 260 works, including the Equestrian Statue of Paul Revere in Boston; the Angel Moroni atop Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City; and Appeal to the Great Spirit (1908), at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. He was also an accomplished painter and an Olympic archer.[1]

Early life and education

Dallin was born in Springville, Utah Territory, the son of Thomas and Jane (Hamer) Dallin, both of whom had left the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints before their marriage.

At age 19, Dallin moved from Utah to Boston to study sculpture with Truman Howe Bartlett. He then studied in with Henri Chapu and at the Académie Julian in Paris.[2]

Career

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An 1899 portrait of Dallin

In 1883, Dallin entered a competition to sculpt an equestrian statue of Paul Revere for Boston, Massachusetts. He won the competition and received a contract, but six versions of his model were rejected. The fifth model was not accepted because of fundraising problems. The seventh version was accepted in 1939 and the full-size statue was unveiled in 1940.[3][4]

Dallin converted to Unitarianism and initially turned down the offer to sculpt the angel Moroni for the spire of the LDS Church's Salt Lake Temple. He later accepted the commission and, after finishing the statue said, "My angel Moroni brought me nearer to God than anything I ever did."[5][6] His statue became a symbol for the LDS Church and was the model for other angel Moroni statues on the spires of LDS Church temples.[7]

In Boston, Dallin became a colleague of Augustus St. Gaudens and a close friend of John Singer Sargent. He married Vittoria Colonna Murray in 1891 and returned to Utah to work on The Angel Moroni (1893). He taught for a year at the Drexel Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, while completing his Sir Isaac Newton (1895) for the Library of Congress. In 1897, he traveled to Paris, and studied with Jean Dampt. In 1889 and 1890 he developed a friendship with prominent European painter Rosa Bonheur. Together they traveled to Neuilly outside of Paris to sketch the animals and cast of Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show at their encampment.[8]

He entered a Don Quixote statuette in the Salon of 1897, and The Medicine Man in the Salon of 1899 and the Exposition Universelle (1900).[2] The couple moved to Arlington, Massachusetts, in 1900, where they established their residence and raised three sons.

Шаблон:MedalTableTop Шаблон:MedalSport Шаблон:MedalCountry Шаблон:MedalCompetition Шаблон:MedalBronze Шаблон:MedalBottom At the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Dallin competed in archery, winning the bronze medal in the team competition.[9] He finished ninth in the Double American round and 12th in the Double York round.[10]

From 1899 to 1941, he was a member of the faculty of Massachusetts Normal Art School, now the Massachusetts College of Art and Design, where his more notable students included Bashka Paeff, Vincent Schofield Wickham and Ruth Johnston Surez.[11] In 1912, he was elected to the National Academy of Design as an Associate member and became a full Academician in 1930. He also was a member of the National Sculpture Society and the National Association of Arts and Letters, as well as an associate at the National Academy of Design.[12]

Equestrian sculptures of indigenous peoples

Файл:Paul Revere (870670168).jpg
Equestrian Statue of Paul Revere, a 1940 statue by Dallin at Old North Church in Boston, where Revere said he would forewarn American patriots if the British Army were approaching by hanging "one lantern if by land, two if by sea".

Dallin created four prominent equestrian sculptures of indigenous people: A Signal of Peace, or The Welcome (1890); The Medicine Man, or The Warning (1899); Protest of the Sioux, or The Defiance (1904); and Appeal to the Great Spirit (1908).[13][14]

A Signal of Peace was exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and was installed in Chicago's Lincoln Park in 1894. The Medicine Man was exhibited at the 1899 Paris Salon, and the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris, where it won a gold medal.[15] It was installed in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park in 1903.

The full-size staff version of Protest of the Sioux was exhibited at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, where it won a gold medal. The mounted brave defiantly shaking his fist at an enemy was never cast as a full-size bronze and survives only in statuette form. A one-third-size bronze version, cast in 1986, is at the Springville Museum of Art in Springville, Utah.[16]

Appeal to the Great Spirit became an icon of American art and is Dallin's most famous work.[17] The full-size version was cast in bronze in Paris and won a gold medal at the 1909 Paris Salon. It was installed outside the main entrance to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1912. Smaller versions of the work are in numerous American museums and in the permanent collection of the White House.

In 1929, a full-sized bronze version of Appeal to the Great Spirit—personally overseen and approved by Dallin— was installed in Muncie, Indiana, at the intersection of Walnut and Granville Streets, and is considered by many residents to be a symbol of their city. A one-third-size plaster version was given to Tulsa, Oklahoma's Central High in 1923. It stood in the school's main hall until 1976, when Central closed its doors.[18] In 1985, that plaster was used to cast a one-third-size bronze version, which is now in Woodward Park (Tulsa), at the intersection of 21st and Peoria Streets.[19] There is also a version at St. John University in Wisconsin.

Death

When he died in 1944, his life was celebrated in a Unitarian service. He is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Arlington, Massachusetts.[20]

Legacy

Файл:ArlingtonMA JeffersonCutterHouse.jpg
The Cyrus E. Dallin Art Museum, named in Dallin's honor, in Arlington, Massachusetts

More than sixty of Dallin's works are collected in the Cyrus E. Dallin Museum in the Jefferson Cutter House in Arlington, Massachusetts. Many other of his sculptures are in the vicinity.[21]

An elementary school in Arlington, Massachusetts is named for him.[22]

The Taylor-Dallin House in Arlington where Dallin and his family lived is a privately owned residence and has not been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

More than 30 of Dallin's works are on display at the Springville Museum of Art in his birthplace of Springville, Utah.[3] The Dallin House at 253 S. 300 East Street in Springville is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Dallin's papers are at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art.[23]

The Beach Boys based the logo for their Brother Records label on Dallin's sculpture, Appeal to the Great Spirit. [24] In 2020, the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College commissioned Cree artist Kent Monkman to prepare a work and he painted The Great Mystery, which reinterprets the Appeal to the Great Spirit sculpture incorporating a Mark Rothko painting in the background. The work is displayed near a mid-sized version of Dallin's sculpture.[25]

From 2017-2020 a race horse named Cyrus Dallin raced in the United Kingdom.[26]

Selected works

Файл:Salt Lake City Temple Moroni.jpg
The Angel Moroni, an 1893 sculpture by Dallin on top of Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City since 1892
Файл:WilliamBradfordStatue.jpg
Governor William Bradford, a 1920 sculpture by Dallin dedicated at Pilgrim Hall Museum in 1976, honoring William Bradford, governor of Plymouth Colony from 1621 to 1657

Indigenous American works

Gallery

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Americana Poster

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Levi Edgar Young, "The Angel Moroni and Cyrus Dallin", Improvement Era, April 1953, p. 234.
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Cyrus Dallin Olympic medals and stats Шаблон:Webarchive at www.databaseolympics.com
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 Шаблон:Cite EB1911
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ The Whitney Tablet Шаблон:Webarchive, retrieved from the National Textile Association Website, February 9, 2009
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  40. ↑ The Protest Шаблон:Webarchive from Northeast Fine Arts.
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ Tim Janicke, City of Art: Kansas City's Public Art (Kansas City, MO: Kansas City Star Books, 2001), p. 15. Шаблон:ISBN
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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