Английская Википедия:Czech koruna
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox currency
The koruna, or crown (sign: Kč; code: CZK, Шаблон:Lang-cs), has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993. The koruna is one of the European Union's eight currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro in the future.
The official name in Czech is Шаблон:Lang (plural Шаблон:Lang, though the zero-grade genitive plural form Шаблон:Lang is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher). The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the numeric value (e.g., "50 Kč") or sometimes before it (as is seen on the 10-koruna coin). One crown is made up of 100 hellers (abbreviated as "h", official name in Czech: singular: Шаблон:Lang, nominative plural: Шаблон:Lang, genitive plural: Шаблон:Lang – used with numbers higher or equal to 5 – e.g. Шаблон:Lang), but hellers have now been withdrawn from circulation, and the smallest unit of physical currency is 1 Kč.
History
In 1892, the Austro-Hungarian krone replaced the gulden at the rate of two kronen to one gulden (which is also the reason why the 10 Kč coin had been nicknamed Шаблон:Lang or "fiver" - and has been in use in informal conversation up until nowadays). The name was suggested by the emperor, Franz Joseph I of Austria. After Austria-Hungary dissolved in 1918, Czechoslovakia was the only successor state to retain the name of its imperial-era currency. In the late 1920s, the Czechoslovak koruna was the hardest currency in Europe. During the Second World War, the currency on the occupied Czech territory was artificially weakened. The Czechoslovak crown was restored after the war. It underwent a highly controversial monetary reform in 1953.
The Czech koruna replaced the Czechoslovak koruna in 1993 after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. It first consisted of overstamped 20 Kčs, 50 Kčs, 100 Kčs, 500 Kčs, and 1,000 Kčs banknotes, and a new series was properly introduced in 1993.
In November 2013, the Czech National Bank (ČNB) intervened to weaken the exchange rate of the koruna through a monetary stimulus to stop the currency from excessive strengthening.[1] This was meant to support the Czech economy, mainly focused on export, but people were unhappy about this step because it was set up before Christmas, which led to raising the prices of imported goods. In late 2016, the ČNB stated that the return to conventional monetary policy was planned for mid-2017.[2][3] After higher-than-expected inflation and other figures, the national bank removed the cap at a special monetary meeting on April 6, 2017. The koruna avoided significant volatility and City Index Group stated: "If you want to drop a currency peg, then the ČNB can show you how to do it".[4]
Euro adoption discussion
Шаблон:Main The Czech Republic planned to adopt the euro in 2010, but its government suspended that plan indefinitely in 2005.[5] Although the country is economically well positioned to adopt the euro, there is considerable opposition to the move within the Czech Republic.[6] According to a survey conducted in April 2014, only 16% of the Czech population was in favour of replacing the koruna with the euro.[7] As reported by an April 2018 survey by CVVM (Public Opinion Research Center), this value has remained at nearly identical levels over the past four years, with only 20% of the Czech population above 15 years old supporting euro adoption.[8]
Coins
Шаблон:Multiple image Шаблон:Multiple image Шаблон:Multiple image The coins of the Czech koruna increase in size and weight with value.
In 1993, coins were introduced in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 haléřů (h), 1 Kč, 2 Kč, 5 Kč, 10 Kč, 20 Kč and 50 Kč. The 10 h and 20 h coins were taken out of circulation by 31 October 2003 and the 50 h coins by 31 August 2008 due to their diminishing purchasing power and circulation.[9] However, financial amounts are still written with the accuracy of 1-haléř (CZK 0.01); prices in retail shops are usually multiples of CZK 0.10. When cash transactions are made, the amount is rounded to the nearest integer.
In 2000, the 10 Kč and 20 Kč coins were minted with different obverses to commemorate the millennium. In 1993 and 1994, coins were minted in Winnipeg and Hamburg, then in the Czech Republic. The 10 Kč and 50 Kč coins were designed by Шаблон:Ill (1934–2007).
Since 1997, sets for collectors are also issued yearly with proof-quality coins. Also, a tradition exists of issuing commemorative coins – including silver and gold coins – for numismatic purposes.
For a complete listing, see Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic.
| Circulation coins[10] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of | ||||||||
| Diameter | Thickness | Mass | Composition | Edge | Obverse | Reverse | first minting | issue | withdrawal | |||
| Файл:10h CZK.png | 10 h | 15.5 mm | 1.7 mm | 0.6 g | 99% aluminium 1% magnesium |
Plain | "ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA", the Czech lion, year of minting | Value, stylized river | 1993 | 1993 | 2003 | |
| Файл:20h CZK.png | 20 h | 17 mm | 0.74 g | Milled | Value, linden leaf | 1993 | 1993 | 2003 | ||||
| Файл:50h CZK.png | 50 h | 19 mm | 0.9 g | Alternately plain and milled | Value | 1993 | 1993 | 2008 | ||||
| Файл:1 CZK.png | 1 Kč | 20 mm | 1.85 mm | 3.6 g | Nickel-plated steel | Milled | Value, St. Wenceslas crown | 1993 | 1993 | Current | ||
| Файл:2 CZK.png | 2 Kč | 21.5 mm, 11-sided |
3.7 g | Rounded, plain | Value, a Great Moravian button-jewel | 1993 | 1993 | Current | ||||
| Файл:5 CZK.png | 5 Kč | 23 mm | 4.8 g | Plain | Value, Charles Bridge, Vltava, linden leaf | 1993 | 1993 | Current | ||||
| Файл:10 CZK.png | 10 Kč | 24.5 mm | 2.55 mm | 7.62 g | Copper-plated steel | Milled | Value, Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul at Petrov monument in Brno | 1993 | 1993 | Current | ||
| Файл:20 CZK.png | 20 Kč | 26 mm, 13-sided |
8.43 g | Brass-plated steel | Rounded, plain | Value, the St. Wenceslas monument on Wenceslas Square, inscription from the monument: "SVATÝ VÁCLAVE NEDEJ ZAHYNOUT NÁM I BUDOUCÍM" |
1993 | 1993 | Current | |||
| Файл:50 CZK.png | 50 Kč | 27.5 mm center: 17 mm |
9.7 g | Outer ring: Copper-plated steel Center plug: Brass-plated steel |
Plain | "PRAGA MATER URBIUM" (Prague, the Mother of Towns), view of Prague | 1993 | 1993 | Current | |||
Banknotes
The first Czech banknotes were issued on 8 February 1993 and consisted of Czechoslovak notes with adhesive stamps affixed to them. Only the 100 Kčs, 500 Kčs and 1,000 Kčs notes were overstamped, the lower denominations circulated unchanged during this transitional period. Each stamp bears a Roman and Arabic numeral identifying the denomination of the banknote to which it is affixed (C and 100, D and 500, M and 1,000). Subsequent issues of the 1,000 Kč note replaced the adhesive stamp with a printed image of same.[11]
A newly designed series of banknotes in denominations of 20 Kč, 50 Kč, 100 Kč, 200 Kč, 500 Kč, 1,000 Kč and 5,000 Kč were introduced later in 1993 and are still in use at present – except for 20 Kč, 50 Kč and the first versions of 1,000 Kč and 5,000 Kč notes, since the security features of 1,000 Kč and 5,000 Kč notes were upgraded in the subsequent issues (The 2,000 Kč note, which was introduced in 1996, is still valid in all versions, with and without the new security features). These banknotes, designed by Oldřich Kulhánek, feature renowned Czech persons on the obverse and abstract compositions on the reverse. Modern protective elements can be found on all banknotes.
In 2007, the Czech National Bank started issuing new upgraded banknotes with upgraded security features. These include a new colour-shifting security thread, additional watermarks and EURion constellations. The first denomination to be issued with the new features was the 2,000 Kč, followed by the 1,000 Kč in 2008, the 500 Kč and 5,000 Kč in 2009 and finally ending with the issuance of the 100 Kč and 200 Kč notes in 2018.
Stamped banknotes
Current banknotes
| 1993 series | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | ||||||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | printing | issue | withdrawal | lapse | ||||
| Файл:20CZK obverse.jpg | Файл:20 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg | 20 Kč | 128 × 64 mm | Blue | Přemysl Otakar I | Ottokar's crown Seal of the Golden Bull of Sicily |
1994 | 20 April 1994 | 31 August 2008 | 31 August 2014[12] | |
| Файл:50CZK obverse.jpg | Файл:50 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg | 50 Kč | 134 × 64 mm | Red | Saint Agnes of Bohemia | Vault of St. Salvator's church Convent of Saint Agnes |
1993 | 6 October 1993 | 31 January 2007 | 31 March 2017[13] | |
| 1994 | 21 December 1994 | 31 March 2011 | |||||||||
| 1997 | 10 September 1997 | 31 March 2011 | |||||||||
| Файл:100CZK obverse.jpg | Файл:100 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg | 100 Kč | 140 × 69 mm | Turquoise | Charles IV | Seal of Charles University | 1993 | 30 June 1993 | 31 January 2007 | 1 July 2022[14] | |
| 1995 | 21 June 1995 | current | |||||||||
| 1997 | 15 October 1997 | current | |||||||||
| Файл:200CZK obverse.jpg | Файл:200 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg | 200 Kč | 146 × 69 mm | Orange | John Amos Comenius | Orbis Pictus Joined hands of an adult and a child |
1993 | 8 February 1993 | 31 January 2007 | 1 July 2022[14] | |
| 1996 | 14 August 1996 | current | |||||||||
| 1998 | 6 January 1999 | current | |||||||||
| Файл:500CZK obverse.jpg | Файл:500 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg | 500 Kč | 152 × 69 mm | Brown | Božena Němcová | Laureate woman | 1993 | 21 July 1993 | 31 January 2007 | 1 July 2022[14] | |
| 1995 | 27 December 1995 | current | |||||||||
| 1997 | 18 March 1998 | current | |||||||||
| Файл:1000CZK obverse.jpg | Файл:1000 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg | 1000 Kč | 158 × 74 mm | Violet | František Palacký | Eagle Archbishop's Castle in Kroměříž |
1993 | 12 May 1993 | 30 June 2001 | 1 July 2022[14] | |
| 1996 | 6 December 1996 | current | |||||||||
| Файл:2000CZK obverse.jpg | Файл:2000 CZK reverse.jpg | 2000 Kč | 164 × 74 mm | Green | Emmy Destinn | Euterpe, violin and cello | 1996 | 1 October 1996 | current | ||
| 1999 | 1 December 1999 | current | |||||||||
| Файл:5000CZK obverse.jpg | Файл:5000CZK reverse.jpg | 5000 Kč | 170 × 74 mm | Grey | Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk | Gothic and Baroque buildings in Prague St. Vitus Cathedral |
1993 | 15 December 1993 | 30 June 2001 | 1 July 2022[14] | |
| 1999 | 8 September 1999 | current | |||||||||
| Шаблон:Standard banknote table notice | |||||||||||
Upgraded banknotes
Commemorative banknotes
| Commemorative banknote series[20] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | ||||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | printing | issue | ||||
| Файл:100 CZK obverse (with additional print 2019).jpg | Файл:100 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg | 100 Kč | 140 × 69 mm | Turquoise | Charles IV, overprint on watermark area | Seal of Charles University | 2019 | 30 January 2019 | |
| Файл:100 CZK obverse (2019).jpg | Файл:100 CZK reverse (2019).jpg | 100 Kč | 194 × 84 mm | Gold | Alois Rašín | Czech National Bank building | 2019 | 31 January 2019 | |
| Файл:100 CZK obverse (2022).jpg | Файл:100 CZK reverse (2022).jpg | 100 Kč | 194 × 84 mm | Olive green | Karel Engliš | Clam-Gallas Palace | 2022 | 30 March 2022 | |
| Файл:1000 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg | 1000 Kč | 158 × 74 mm | Violet | František Palacký, overprint on watermark area | Eagle Archbishop's Castle in Kroměříž |
2008 | 8 February 2023[21] | ||
| Шаблон:Standard banknote table notice | |||||||||
Exchange rates
Historic rates
The currency had a record exchange rate run in 2008.[22]
Most traded currencies (since 31 December 2008):
| Year | Шаблон:Flagicon US dollar | Шаблон:Flagicon Euro | Шаблон:Flagicon Sterling | Шаблон:Flagicon Swiss franc | Шаблон:Flagicon Yen |
| 2008 | 19.346 | 26.930 | 28.270 | 18.132 | 0.21348 |
| 2009 | 18.368 | 26.465 | 29.798 | 17.837 | 0.19875 |
| 2010 | 18.751 | 25.060 | 29.108 | 20.043 | 0.23058 |
| 2011 | 19.940 | 25.800 | 30.886 | 21.220 | 0.25754 |
| 2012 | 19.055 | 25.140 | 30.812 | 20.831 | 0.22130 |
| 2013 | 19.894 | 27.425 | 32.911 | 22.344 | 0.18957 |
| 2014 | 22.834 | 27.725 | 35.591 | 23.058 | 0.19090 |
| 2015 | 24.824 | 27.025 | 36.822 | 24.930 | 0.20619 |
| 2016 | 25.639 | 27.020 | 31.586 | 25.166 | 0.21907 |
| 2017 | 21.291 | 25.540 | 28.786 | 21.824 | 0.18915 |
| 2018 | 22.466 | 25.725 | 28.762 | 22.827 | 0.20447 |
| 2019 | 22.621 | 25.410 | 29.866 | 23.416 | 0.20844 |
| 2020 | 21.381 | 26.245 | 29.190 | 24.298 | 0.20747 |
| 2021 | 21.951 | 24.860 | 29.585 | 24.066 | 0.19069 |
| 2022 | 22.616 | 24.115 | 27.200 | 24.496 | 0.17152 |
| Source: Czech National Bank exchange rates[23] | |||||
Current rates
See also
- Bohemia and Moravia crown
- Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic
- Czech Republic and the euro
- Czechoslovak crown
- Economy of the Czech Republic
- Slovak crown
References
External links
- Czech banknotes, Czech National Bank
- Czech coins, Czech National Bank
- Czech banknotes (catalog, gallery and other details, history)
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
Шаблон:Historical currencies of the Czech Republic and Slovakia Шаблон:Czech Republic topics Шаблон:Crown Шаблон:Euro topics Шаблон:Currency signs Шаблон:Currencies of Europe Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Czech national bank. Available at: Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Czech national bank exchange rate fixing. Available at: Шаблон:Cite web
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