Английская Википедия:Dōjunkai
Dōjunkai (shinjitai: Шаблон:Nihongo2, kyūjitai: Шаблон:Nihongo2) was a corporation set up a year after the 1923 Kantō earthquake to provide reinforced concrete (and thus earthquake- and fire-resistant) collective housing in the Tokyo area. Its formal name was Zaidan-hōjin Dōjunkai (Шаблон:Nihongo2), i.e. the Dōjunkai corporation. The suffix kai means organization, and dōjun was a term coined to suggest the spread of the nutritious benefit of the water of river and sea.[n 1] It was overseen by the Home Ministry.
The corporation was in existence from 1924 through 1941; it was involved in construction between 1926 and 1934, primarily 1926–30, building 16 complexes. The last complex, Uenoshita apartment, was finally demolished in 2013.
History
From 1926 to 1930, Dōjunkai created fifteen apartment complexes (apāto or apātomento), two in Yokohama and the rest in Tokyo. Among the latter, the best known is Dōjunkai Aoyama Apartments (built 1926–7), which stood on the avenue of Omotesandō toward its Harajuku Station end. Toward the end of what was by Tokyo standards a long life, the ivy-covered building was increasingly used for ateliers and small independent shops. It was destroyed for the 2005 construction by Mori Building of "Omotesando Hills", a conventional shopping mall. Dōjunkai built one last complex in Tokyo, Dōjunkai Edogawa apāto, between 1932 and 1934.
Dōjunkai was wound up in 1941.
Remarkably, all the apartment complexes survived wartime bombing.
After the war, the government sold the land of most of the complexes to real estate companies, notably Mori Building. Thereafter, the combination of desire for greater profits, lack of advance publicity, and lack of government interest in this genre of architecture, in addition to inadequate maintenance and the lack of amenities (notably individual bathing facilities) now taken for granted, have led to the destruction of most of the complexes in the name of "site development".
Currently the only original building can be seen at a conversion project at Dojunkan building, Omotesando Hills. Some shops and galleries are in the building with its facade of a genuine three-stories apartment.[n 2]
List of Dōjunkai Apartments
| Apartments | Japanese name | Completed | Location (present-day "wards") |
Demolished (and replaced[1] by) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nakanogō Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1926 | Sumida, Tokyo | 1990 (Setoru Nakanogō) |
| Aoyama Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1926–7 | Shibuya, Tokyo | 2003 (Omotesando Hills) |
| Yanagishima Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1926–7 | Sumida, Tokyo | 1995 (Primēru Yanagishima) |
| Daikan-yama Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1927 | Shibuya, Tokyo | 1996 (Daikan-yama Address) |
| Sumitoshi Apartments (Sarueura-chō Kyōdō Jūtaku) |
Шаблон:Nihongo2 (Шаблон:Nihongo2) |
1927–30 | Kōtō, Tokyo | 1994 (Twin Tower Sumitoshi) |
| Kiyosumidōri Apartments (Higashidaiku-chō Apartments) |
Шаблон:Nihongo2 (Шаблон:Nihongo2) |
1927–9 | Kōtō, Tokyo | 2002 |
| Yamashita-chō Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1927 | Naka, Yokohama | 1989 (Reiton House) |
| Hiranuma-chō Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1927 | Nishi, Yokohama | 1984 (Monteberte Yokohama) |
| Minowa Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1928 | Arakawa, Tokyo | 2009 |
| Mita Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1928 | Minato, Tokyo | 1988 (Shanpōru Mita) |
| Uguisudani Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1929 | Arakawa, Tokyo | 1999 (Rīdensu Tower) |
| Uenoshita Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1929 | Taitō, Tokyo | 2013 |
| Toranomon Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1929 | Chiyoda, Tokyo | 2000 (Daidō Seimei Kasumigaseki Biru) |
| Ōtsuka Joshi Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1930 | Bunkyō, Tokyo | 2003 |
| Sumitoshi Apartments (Higashi-chō Apartments) |
Шаблон:Nihongo2 (Шаблон:Nihongo2) |
1930 | Kōtō, Tokyo | 1994 (Twin Tower Sumitoshi) |
| Edogawa Apartments | Шаблон:Nihongo2 | 1934 | Shinjuku, Tokyo | 2003 |
Further reading
- Design of Doujunkai. (Japanese title Шаблон:Nihongo2). Tokyo: Kenchiku Shiryō Kenkyūsha, 2000. Шаблон:ISBN A book of new photographs of the buildings, with (minimal) text in both Japanese and English.
- Шаблон:In lang "Dōjunkai apāto" in Japanese-language Wikipedia
- Шаблон:In lang Hashimoto Fumitaka, et al. Kieyuku Dōjunkai apātomento (Шаблон:Nihongo2, The disappearing Dōjunkai apartments). Tokyo: Kawade Shobō Shinsha, 2003. Шаблон:ISBN. Informative book about all the buildings but concentrating on Edogawa Apartments (where Hashimoto lived), with plenty of plans, historic photographs, and new photographs taken by Youki Kanehira.
- Kanehira Youki. Photographs of Dōjunkai Aoyama apāto.
- Pompili, M. Dojunkai Apartments: Tokyo 1924-1934. Rome: Editrice Librerie Dedalo, 2001. Шаблон:ISBN. The Dōjunkai Apartments in the context of the development of housing in Japan during the early 20th century.
- Шаблон:In lang Dōjunkai Aoyama apāto chronology.
- Шаблон:In lang Miscellany about Dōjunkai Aoyama apāto.
- Шаблон:In lang Ueda Makoto. Shūgō jūtaku monogatari (Шаблон:Nihongo2, The story of collective housing). Tokyo: Misuzu, 2004. Шаблон:ISBN. This historical survey of collective housing in Japan (whose content was previously published within Tokyojin) has sections devoted to the Aoyama, Kiyosumidōri, Uguisudani and Ōtsuka Joshi Apartments, with new photographs by Hiroh Kikai and some archival photographs.
- Wijers-Hasegawa, Yumi. "Dwellers bought off; ball to fall on Aoyama flats". Japan Times, 19 April 2002.
- Шаблон:Cite web
Notes
- ↑ For a full explanation of the term dōjun, see Seizō Uchida, "Apātomento hausu o wagakuni ni mochikonda Dōjunkai", p. 17, within Hashimoto et al., Kieyuku Dōjunkai Apātomento.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
References
- ↑ Replacements from Hashimoto et al., Kieyuku Dōjunkai Apātomento, p. 152. This gives the names in Japanese script only. Where the names are obviously in English or pseudo-English, English names have been provided; otherwise, they have been rendered in Hepburn romanization.
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