Английская Википедия:DIN 31635
Шаблон:Short description DIN 31635 is a Шаблон:Lang (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Шаблон:Lang (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome. The most important differences from English-based systems were doing away with j, because it stood for Шаблон:IPAslink in the English-speaking world and for Шаблон:IPAslink in the German-speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like th, dh, kh, gh, sh. Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance (one sign for each Arabic letter) and the Geschichte der arabischen Literatur manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr. Today it is used in most German-language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies.
Table
- The 28 letters:
Rules
The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Transl and Шаблон:Transl) are transliterated as Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Transl and Шаблон:Transl. A Шаблон:Transl results in a geminate (consonant written twice). The article is written with the sun letters assimilated.
An Шаблон:Transl marking Шаблон:IPA is transliterated as Шаблон:Transl. The letter (Шаблон:Lang) Шаблон:Transl is transliterated as word-final Шаблон:Transl normally, or Шаблон:Transl in a word in the construct state.
Шаблон:Transl has many variants, Шаблон:Lang; depending on its position, all of them are transliterated as Шаблон:Angbr. The initial Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) without a Шаблон:Transl is not transliterated using Шаблон:Transl initially, only the initial vowel is transliterated (if pronounced): Шаблон:Transl.
(Шаблон:Lang) Шаблон:Transl appears as Шаблон:Transl, transliterating it indistinguishable from Шаблон:Transl.[2] Long vowels Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA are transliterated as Шаблон:Transl and Шаблон:Transl. The Шаблон:Transl suffix Шаблон:IPA appears as Шаблон:Transl although the former is normally transliterated as Шаблон:Transl, and nunation is ignored in transliteration. A hyphen Шаблон:Transl is used to separate clitics (the article, the prepositions and the conjunction) from words to which they are attached.
The Eastern Arabic numerals (Шаблон:Lang) are rendered as western Arabic numerals (Шаблон:Transl).
See also
- Romanization of Arabic
- ISO 233
- Hans Wehr transliteration
- Arabic phonology
- Help:IPA/Arabic (Wikipedia help)
Notes
References
External links
- Chart of Arabic transliteration systems (non-normative), including DIN 31635, Revision 2.2 (2008-02-25)
- Deutsches Institut für Normung
Шаблон:Deutsches Institut für Normung
- ↑ In Egypt, Sudan and sometimes other regions, the final form is always Шаблон:Lang (without dots).
- ↑ Шаблон:Lang for final Шаблон:IPA is also known as Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl Шаблон:IPA-arz "flexible Шаблон:Transl".
