Английская Википедия:Danaus erippus
Danaus erippus, the southern monarch, is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae. It is one of the best known butterflies in South America. Its genome is nearly identical to D. plexippus, but the two are incompatible, and therefore considered separate species.[1]
Description
Danaus erippus is included with other Nymphalidae, the largest family of butterflies with about 6000 species distributed throughout most of the world. It has a reduced pair of forelegs, is brightly coloured, and is included with popular species such as the emperors, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. Its wingspan reaches about Шаблон:Convert, with an easily recognizable orange and black pattern. Until 2007, this butterfly was treated as a subspecies of Danaus plexippus. These species are very similar, but D. erippus usually has an orange trailing edge of the forewings, while in D. plexippus it is black. The lineages of the two species are thought to have separated about 2 million years ago.[2] The colour of the wings in males of the southern monarch is paler than in the females.
Migration
Though, not as well known as the eastern North American monarch migratory phenomenon, it has been observed to move in a consistent spring/autumn manner by flying south in the autumn towards colder latitudes for the winter.[3][4] Massive overwintering roosts have not yet been found.
Larval food plants
D. erippus, like D. plexippus, utilizes host plants that in the genus Asclepias including A. barjoniifolia, A. boliviensis, and A. curassavica,[3] as well as some non-Asclepias (e.g., Astephanus geminiflorus, Cynanchum boerhaviifolium, Cynanchum atacamense, and Tweedia birostrata).Шаблон:Citation needed
Distribution
This species can be found in tropical and subtropical latitudes of South America, mainly in Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and southern Peru.
Gallery
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Female
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Underside
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Male
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Larva
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References
- Southern Monarch, Biolib
- "Danaus Kluk, 1780" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
- Dockx, Cristina (2002). Migration of the North American monarch Danaus plexippus to Cuba, PhD dissertation. University of Florida.
External links
- ↑ Hay-Roe, M.M., Lamas, G. & Nation, J.L. (2007). Pre- and postzygotic isolation and Haldane rule effects in reciprocal crosses of Danaus erippus and Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danainae), supported by differentiation of cuticular hydrocarbons, establish their status as separate species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91:445–453.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Hayward, K.J. (1962). Migration of butterflies and a moth in Argentina, spring and summer 1960-61. The Entomologist 95:8-12.
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- Invertebrates of Paraguay
- Insects of Uruguay
- Butterflies described in 1775
- Taxa named by Pieter Cramer
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