Английская Википедия:Danmono
Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:Short description
Danmono (Шаблон:Lang-ja) is a traditional Japanese style of instrumental music for the koto. The few pieces of its repertoire were mostly composed and developed in the seventeenth century, and all follow a strict form of composition.
Musical style
Each danmono piece consists of a number of movements, or variations ("dan" in Japanese means "step"). Each dan consists of 104 beats, except for the first. The first dan is preceded by a four or eight-beat introduction, called kandō.[1] The few pieces that make up the danmono repertoire are all very similar in musical style. Listeners unfamiliar with the danmono style have trouble distinguishing one piece from another. The reason for the strong similarities between the danmono pieces is that originality was unusual for seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Japanese composers.[1] Each danmono piece begins slowly, and gradually increases in tempo. At the very end of the piece the tempo decreases, and it ends slowly.[2]
Repertoire
The danmono repertoire consists of eight pieces, developed primarily during the seventeenth century.[1] The titles of the pieces denote the number of dan they consist of: "Шаблон:Lang" ("five dan"), "Шаблон:Lang" ("six dan"), "Шаблон:Lang" ("seven dan"), "Шаблон:Lang" ("eight dan"), "Шаблон:Lang" ("nine dan"), and "Шаблон:Lang" ("nine dan in hon-kumoijoshi"). Another piece, "Шаблон:Lang", is traditionally classified as Шаблон:Lang, but does not follow the same strict form of musical composition as the others. "Шаблон:Lang" is also referred to as "Шаблон:Lang" ("ten dan") in the Ikuta ryu school, or "Шаблон:Lang" ("twelve dan") in the Yamada ryu school. The introduction of "Aki kaze no kyoku" by Mitsuzaki Kengyo was composed in the danmono form, and is also considered to be part of its repertoire.[1] Aside from this last piece, the authorship of the danmono repertoire is disputed among historical sources. The table below shows the possible composers according to various sources.[3]
- Source abbreviations
- ST: Шаблон:Lang (1779)
- BGT: Шаблон:Lang (1812)
- KK: Шаблон:Lang (1822)
- KZ: Шаблон:Lang (1941)
Composition | Composer according to ST, BGT, and KZ | Composer according to KK |
---|---|---|
Rokudan | Yatsuhashi | Kitajima |
Midare | Yatsuhashi | Kurahashi |
Hachidan | Yatsuhashi | Kurahashi |
Kudan | unknown | Kitajima |
Shichidan | unknown | Yasumura |
Godan | Kitajima or Ikuta | Tomino Koto |
Kumoi Kudan | Mitsuhashi | Mitsuhashi |
Although not considered part of the danmono repertoire, a forerunner of the danmono style was "Шаблон:Lang", published by Nakamura Sōzan in Шаблон:Lang in 1664. The publication was aimed at the general population rather than professional musicians.[4]
References
- Notes
- Bibliography