Английская Википедия:Darchula District

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Darchula District (Шаблон:Lang-ne Шаблон:IPA-ne), a part of Sudurpashchim Province, is one of the nine districts of province and one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Khalanga (Mahakali Municipality) as its district headquarters, covers an area of Шаблон:Cvt and has a population (2011) of 133,274. Darchula lies in the west-north corner of the country.

Etymology

Darchula is made of two words "Dar" (ne:दार) and "Chula" (ne:चुला). Dar means edge (peak) in Dotyali and Chula means fire stove, literally meaning a fire stove made of three stones (or peaks of three hills/mountains). Almost all people in this place used to cook on a fire stove made of three stones. Also, there are mountain peaks here which look like a three-stone fire stove. The legend says that sage Vyasa cooked his food here on a fire stove of three peaks.

History

Darchula was part of Kumaon during Katyuri rule after fall of Katyuris and disintegration of the kingdom, kumaon was divided into numerous small principalities and this region came under the Katyuri principality known as Doti Kingdom, Gorkha annexed Doti in 1790 and made it part of Doti District until 1885. After 1885 it became part of Baitadi District. Baitadi and Dadeldhura had same "Bada-Hakim" (District Administrators) so those two districts used to be jointly called Baitadi-Dadeldhura district, which was formed into a proper Mahakali District after 1956. In 1956 four counties (Thums) of Baitadi were separated and made a sub-district of Mahakali district. From 1956 to 1962 the Mahakali district had three sub-districts: Dadeldhura, Bitadi and Chamba.

In 1962, Chamba separately upgraded to a district and named "Darchula District". Шаблон:Gallery

Geography and climate

Файл:Pati gaun.jpg

Geographic landscape near Kharkada, Darchula

The district is surrounded by Bajhang District in the east, Baitadi District in the east and the south, Ngari Prefecture of TAR of China in the North and Pithoragarh district of India in the West.

The Himalayan region between two rivers Kali River to Seti River calls Gurans Himal. Darchula district falls in the Gurans Himal zone. Api Himal (Шаблон:Convert) and Jethi Bahurani (Шаблон:Convert) are main mountain peaks of the area. There is a protected area named Api Nampa Conservation Area which ranges in elevation from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert. Mahakali, Chalune, Tinkar, Nampa and Kalagad are the rivers in the area.

The climate of the area is generally characterized by high rainfall and humidity. The climatic condition varies along with the elevation gradient. The climate of Darchula District varies widely from subtropical to alpine. In the north, most of the parts, having an alpine climate, remain under snow. In the southern part and valleys, the climate is subtropical. Mid- hills have a temperate climate. The average maximum temperature is 18.6 °C and the minimum temperature is 7.7 °C. The average rainfall is 2129mm. Most precipitation falls between May and September. About eighty percent of the total annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon season (June to September). All areas experience very high rainfall intensities, ranging between estimates of Шаблон:Cvt for a 24-hour period. Within its elevation range of Шаблон:Cvt to Шаблон:Cvt, there are limited subtropical valleys in the southern margin although most of the area is ecologically temperate or highland. A cold, generally dry climate exists in the high alpine valleys just north of the southern arm of the Himalayan mountain range which cuts across the bottom of Darchula.Шаблон:Citation needed

Climate Zone	Elevation Range	% of Area
Upper Tropical	300 to 1,000 meters 1,000 to 3,300 ft.	4.7%
Subtropical	1,000 to 2,000 meters 3,300 to 6,600 ft.	19.8%
Temperate	2,000 to 3,000 meters 6,400 to 9,800 ft.	22.2%
Subalpine	3,000 to 4,000 meters 9,800 to 13,100 ft.	20.5%
Alpine	4,000 to 5,000 meters 13,100 to 16,400 ft.	15.3%
Nival	above 5,000 meters	17.5%

Major rivers

• Mahakali
• Chaulani
• Tinkar
• Nampa
• Kalagad

Administration

Darchula District is administered by Darchula District Coordination Committee (Darchula DCC). The Darchula DCC is elected by Darchula District Assembly. The head of Darchula DCC is Mr. Karbir Singh Karki and Mr. Krishna Singh Dhami is deputy head of Darchula DCC.

Darchula District Administration Office under Ministry of Home Affairs co-operate with Darchula DCC to maintain peace, order and security in the district. The officer of District Administration office called CDO and current CDO of Darchula DAO is Sharad Kumar Pokharel

Darchula District Court is a Judicial court to see the cases of people on district level.

Administration	Name	Head	Website
Legislative	District Coordination Committee	Mr. Karbir Singh Karki	Шаблон:Url
Executive	District Administration Office	Mr. Dirgha Raj Upadhyay	Шаблон:Url
Judicial	District Court	Mr. Komal Prasad Aacharya	Шаблон:Url

Division

The district consists of nine municipalities, out of which two are urban municipalities and seven are rural municipalities. These are as follows:

SN	Local level unit	Type	Population	Area	No. of wards	Website
1	Mahakali	Urban	21231	135.11	9	Шаблон:Url
2	Shailyasikhar	Urban	22060	117.81	9	Шаблон:Url
3	Malikarjun	Rural	15581	100.82	8	Шаблон:Url
4	Apihimal	Rural	6779	613.95	6	Шаблон:Url
5	Duhun	Rural	10818	65.35	5	Шаблон:Url
6	Naugad	Rural	15874	180.27	6	Шаблон:Url
7	Marma	Rural	14956	208.06	6	Шаблон:Url
8	Lekam	Rural	14838	83.98	6	Шаблон:Url
9	Vyans	Rural	10347	839.26	6	Шаблон:Url
	Darchula	District	132484	2344.61	61	Шаблон:Url

Former administrative divisions

Шаблон:Further Шаблон:See also Formerly, Darchula had one municipality and many VDCs. VDCs were the local administrative units for villages.

Fulfilling the requirement of the new constitution of Nepal 2015, on 10 March 2017 all VDCs were nullified and formed new units after grouping VDCs.

Constituencies

Шаблон:Further Шаблон:Further Darchula District consists 1 Parliamentary constituency and 2 Provincial constituencies:

Constituencies	Type	Area	MP/MLA	Party
Darchula 1	Parliamentary	whole Darchula district	Ganesh Singh Thagunna	NCP
Darchula 1(A)	Provincial	Lekam, Malikarjun, Mahakali, Duhun and byans)	Gelbu Singh Bohara	NCP
Darchula 1(B)	Provincial	Shailyashikhar, Naugad, Marma, Apihimal	Man Bahadur Dhami	NCP

Demographics

Шаблон:Historical populations At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Darchula District had a population of 133,274.

As their first language, 96.1% spoke Doteli, 2.4% Nepali, 0.5% Lepcha, 0.3% Byangsi, 0.3% Darchuleli, 0.1% Magar and 0.2% other languages.

Шаблон:Pie chart Ethnicity/caste: 64.6% were Chhetri, 16.7% Hill Brahmin, 5.3% Kami, 4.9% Thakuri, 3.1% other Dalit, 1.3% Lohar, 1.3% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.7% Byasi/Sauka, 0.7% Damai/Dholi, 0.7% Sarki, 0.1% Badi, 0.1% Magar, 0.1% Tamang, 0.1% Thami and 0.2% others.

Шаблон:Pie chart Religion: 98.9% were Hindu, 0.9% Buddhist, 0.2% Prakriti and 0.1% Christian.

Literacy: 65.2% could read and write, 2.4% could only read and 32.4% could neither read nor write.

The number of male 63,609 and female 69,855. Decadal change 9.40%, annual growth rate 0.90%, sex ratio (males per 100 females) 91, absent (abroad) population 6,867, where number of male 5,880 and female 987. Total number of house 22,948. Total number of household 25,802. Average household size 5.17. Population density Шаблон:Cvt. The town has an Indian counterpart to its northwest, named Dharchula. The split between the two towns is just virtual as the traditions, culture, and lifestyle of the people living across both the regions are quite similar.Шаблон:Citation needed

More than 56,000 people live in 8,989 households. About 58.4 percent of the population falls below the poverty line.

Economic development

Darchula is one of the least developed districts of the country. The major socioeconomic indicator of Darchula District is still very poor. Life expectancy of these people was about 52 in 1996. About 89.90% of the total population depends upon agriculture. Substance agriculture, lack of basic infrastructure, difficult geophysical condition, traditional agricultural practice, low literacy rate and population growth are the root causes for deeply rooted poverty.

Trade and business

Trade is one of the most important means of livelihood. Every year, people from the hills come with NTFP, ghee, and herbs to sell. Agriculture related commodities are sold in local bazaars (markets). People of Byans, Rapla go to Tibet to fill their needs for clothes and other commodities. Local carpets and wool products, handmade clothes, and NTFP bring in huge amounts of money to the VDCs. However, each and every respondent indicated that their income is invested in domestic use.

Tourism

Api Nampa Conservation Area is a famous gateway to Kailash Mansarobar's holy region located in Tibet. Many pilgrims pass through this Conservation Area to get to Kailash Pravat. Not only Nepalese but also foreigners visit Api Nampa Conservation Area to acquire satisfaction, spirituality and the boons of nature. The first European, A. H. Savage Landor entered Nampa valley in 1899 and explored the glacier system. He travelled across the Tinkar valley and entered Tibet via the Lipu pass. In 1905, Dr. Longstaff visited this region. Then Swiss geologists A. Heim and A. Gansser visited the Api Himal area in 1936. The elevation of Api Himal at the top is calculated to be 23,399 ft. John Tyson and W. H. Murray explored this region in 1953. An Api group has been created to lure tourists wanting to see the geological features blending with nature and other natural assets. Sauka culture is also an attraction for tourist. Api Himal can be visited by going via Darchula Bazar, Huti, Sunsera, Rapla to base camp. It takes five days to reach there or travelers may go via Bitule, Makari Gad, Ghusa Village, Domilla, to Lolu at the base camp. Panoramic views of Himalayas are created by several peaks like Nampa, Jethi Bahurani and others.Шаблон:Citation needed

Media/radio partners

To Promote local culture there are few FM radio stations: Radio Samad FM 102.6 MHz, Radio Naya Nepal FM 104.5 MHz, Darchula FM, which are Community radio Stations.

Education

Colleges and schools

• Darchula Multiple Campus
• Gokuleshwar Higher Secondary School
• Himalaya Higher Secondary School
• Gokuleswar Multiple Campus
• Sri Krishna Snatak Campus
• Rastriya Campus
• Shankarpur Higher Secondary School
• Latinath Higher Secondary School
• Srikrishana Higher Secondary School
• Rastiya Higher Secondary School
• Latinatha Higher Secondary School
• Hunainath Secondary School Baaj (Mahara Village)
• Hunainath Higher Secondary School
• Janabikasa Higher Secondary School
• Ganesh Binayak Higher Secondary School
• Malikarjun Higher Secondary School
• Krishana Higher Secondary School
• Sarswati Higher Secondary School
• Gurilamandu Higher Secondary School
• Galainath Higher Secondary School
• Satya Parkash Higher Secondary School
• Sri Krishana Higher Secondary School
• Apinampa Campus

Gallery

• Api mountain

  Api mountain

• House in Lekam Gaupalika ward no. 02

  House in Lekam Gaupalika ward no. 02

• Houses in Lekam Gaupalika Kuni

  Houses in Lekam Gaupalika Kuni

• Temple of God Hunainath at Lekam Kuni

  Temple of God Hunainath at Lekam Kuni

• Suspended Trail bridge over the Chaulani river

  Suspended Trail bridge over the Chaulani river

External links

• UN map of VDC boundaries, water features and roads in Darchula
• Darchula District On Facebook
• Шаблон:Statoids