Английская Википедия:Darshan (Indian religions)

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Файл:Devotees offering prayers at a sanctum in Chennakesava temple at Belur.jpg
A darshana literally means a glimpse or view. In a Hindu temple, the term refers to viewing the garbhagriha (inner sanctum) of the temple, which hosts the murti (image of a god). Devotees taking darshana of the god Vishnu in the inner sanctum of the Chennakeshava Temple, Belur.

In Indian religions, Darshana, also spelt Darshan, (Sanskrit: दर्शन, Шаблон:IAST3 Шаблон:Lit) or Darshanam (darśanam) is the auspicious sight of a deity or a holy person.Шаблон:Sfn

The term also refers to any one of the six traditional schools of Hindu philosophy and their literature on spirituality and soteriology.Шаблон:Sfn

Etymology

The word darshana, also in the forms of darśana or darshanam, comes from the Sanskrit root of दर्शन dṛś 'to look at', 'to view', vision, apparition or glimpse.[1]

Definition

Darshana is described as an "auspicious sight" of a holy person, which bestows merit on the viewer.Шаблон:Sfn

It is most commonly used for theophany, meaning a manifestation or vision of the divine.[2]

In Hinduism

In Hindu worship, it refers to seeing a deity (especially in image form), or a very holy person or artifact. One can receive darshana or a glimpse of the deity in the temple, or from a great saintly person, such as a great guru.[2] One can also take darshana of a sacred places like Kashi, Yamuna or Mount Kailash.[3]

The term darshana also refers to the six systems of thought, called darshanam, that comprise classical Hindu philosophy.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The term therein implies how each of these six systems distinctively look at things and the scriptures in Indian philosophies.Шаблон:Sfn[2] The six Hindu darshana are Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mīmāṃsā, and Vedanta. Buddhism and Jainism are examples of non-Hindu darshans.[2]

Mahayana Buddhism

On the significance of darshana in Mahayana thought, Paul Harrison writes: "By the second century CE... the vision of the Buddha (buddha-darśana) and the accompanying hearing of the Dharma (dharma-śravaṇa) are represented as a transformation experience of decisive importance for practitioners, be they who have renounced (mundane life) 'ascetics' or householders."Шаблон:Sfn

The Abhidharma, collections of systematic summaries of the sutras, mention Darshana-citta, i.e. visions.Шаблон:Sfn

Indian Mahayana philosophers Vasubandhu and Asanga acknowledged five paths to liberation, of which the third is darshana-marga, the "path of seeing".Шаблон:Sfn

Nagarjuna, a prominent philosopher of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism, wrote that the wise person perceives tattva-darshana, true reality.[4]Шаблон:Sfn

Other meanings

Darshana also sometimes has a more mundane meaning. For example, Sivananda Saraswati wrote in his book The Practice of Brahmacharya that one of the eight aspects of brahmacharya (celibacy) is not to look lustfully at women: "You should carefully avoid ... Darshana or looking at women with passionate resolve".Шаблон:Sfn

Scholar of religion Richard H. Davis has said that darshana (viewpoint, philosophical school) is one of three terms in classical Indian discourse that could be considered roughly analogous to what today's English-speakers understand as "religion." The other two terms are dharma (duty, morality, a code of proper conduct) and marga (route, spiritual path). According to Davis, "most Hindu texts accepted that religious paths (marga) are relative to the points of view (darśana) and moral responsibilities (dharma) of practitioners, whose individual circumstances may make one or another course of action more appropriate in their particular situations."Шаблон:Sfn

Poet Gary Snyder has given a naturalistic meaning to darshana: Шаблон:Blockquote

Darshan is also a part of the name of India's public broadcaster Doordarshan combining the word दूर dūra 'far' altogether making दूरदर्शन dūrdarśan 'television'.Шаблон:Citation needed

See also

References

Citations

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Works cited

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Further reading

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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