Английская Википедия:Dartmouth (UK Parliament constituency)

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Dartmouth, also sometimes called Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness, was a parliamentary borough in Devon which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons in 1298 and to the Commons of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom from 1351 until 1832, and then one member from 1832 until 1868, when the borough was disfranchised.

History

Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness were three towns clustered round the mouth of the River Dart in southern Devon; all three are within the modern town of Dartmouth. The borough as first represented in 1298 seems to have included only the town of Dartmouth, but at the next return of members in 1350–1351 it also included Clifton; Hardness is first mentioned in 1553, though may have been included earlier. The boundaries by the 19th century included the whole of Dartmouth St Petrox and St Saviour parishes, and part of Townstall parish.

Dartmouth by the end of the 18th century was a prosperous small port, depending mainly on fishing but also with some shipbuilding interests; but the bulk of the inhabitants had little voice in the choice of its Members of Parliament. After a decision by Parliament that followed a disputed election in 1689, the right to vote in Dartmouth rested with the corporation, which appointed its own successors, and with the freemen of the borough, who were made by the corporation. This amounted to a total of 71 voters in 1832, although only 53 of these were resident; virtually all were officers of the custom house or other government employees.

This franchise meant that once control was gained of the borough it was easy to retain indefinitely. Around the turn of the 18th century, the Herne family had almost total control, but in the mid-to-late 18th and early 19th century, control had passed to the government and Dartmouth was considered a safe seat for the party in power, returning one member at the nomination of the Treasury and one of the Admiralty. (Even this control had its limits however – Namier and Brooke quote letters to show that when a vacancy arose in 1757, the government had to abandon their original intention of nominating a soldier, and instead acceded to the corporation's demand for a naval candidate.) The Holdsworth family managed the government's interests in the borough, and generally had first refusal on one of the seats. Indeed, the Holdsworths were sufficiently influential to defy the government on occasion, as in 1780 when Arthur Holdsworth arranged the re-election of the popular but opposition-supporting naval hero Lord Howe to one seat while taking the other for himself – no government candidates stood against them, and both Howe and Holdsworth voted with the opposition in the new Parliament.

At the time of the Great Reform Act, the 1831 census showed that there were 611 houses in the borough but a population of 4,447. Dartmouth was allowed to keep one of its two MPs, and the boundaries were extended slightly to include the whole of Townstall parish and part of Stoke Fleming, bringing the population up to 4,662.

The constituency was abolished at the next boundary revision, which came into effect at the general election of 1868, after which the towns were part of the Southern Devon county division.

Members of Parliament

1351–1640

Parliament	First member	Second member
1368	Richard Whitelegh
1371	John Pasford
1377	Thomas Raymond
1386	Richard Whitelegh	Robert More
1388 (Feb)	William Burlestone	John Lacche
1388 (Sep)	William Bast	Roger Scoce
1390 (Jan)	John Hawley	Thomas Asshenden I
1390 (Nov)
1391	John William	John Brasuter
1393	John Ellemede	John Hawley
1394	William Damiet	John Hawley
1395	John Bosom	Edmund Arnold
1397 (Jan)	John Bosom	William Glover
1397 (Sep)
1399
1401
1402	John Hawley (the elder)	Ralph North
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406	John Foxley	John White
1407	Henry Bremeler	John Pille
1410	John Hawley (the younger)	Edmund Arnold
1411	John Hawley	John Corp
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)	John Hawley	John Corp
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov)	John Hawley	Edmund Arnold
1415–6 (Mar)	Edmund Arnold	Walter Wodeland
1416 (Oct)
1417
1419
1420	Thomas Asshenden II	Walter Wodeland
1421 (May)	John Hawley	Thomas Hankyn
1421 (Dec)	John Burley	Henry Sadeler
1510–1523	No names known
1529	John Trevanion	William Holland, repl. 1534 by Nicholas Langmede
1536	?
1539	John Ridgeway	William Holland
1542	John Anthony	William Holland
1545	Nicholas Bacon	John Ridgeway
1547	Sir Peter Carew	Richard Duke
1553 (Mar)	Nicholas Adams alias Bodrugan	Gilbert Roupe
1553 (Oct)	Michael Adams	Michael Roope
Parliament of 1554	Nicholas Adams	Edmund Sture
Parliament of 1554–1555	John Petre	Nicholas Enis
Parliament of 1555	Sir John St Leger	James Courtenay
Parliament of 1558	Gregory Huckmore	Thomas Gurney
Parliament of 1559	Thomas Southcote	Edward Yarde
Parliament of 1563–1567	Sir John More	John Lovell
Parliament of 1571	John Vaughan	Thomas Gurney
Parliament of 1572–1581	William Cardinal	Thomas Gurney died and repl. 1576 by William Lyster
Parliament of 1584–1585	Hugh Vaughan	Thomas Ridgeway
Parliament of 1586–1587	Robert Petre	George Cary
Parliament of 1588–1589	Robert Papworth	Richard Drewe
Parliament of 1593	Nicholas Hayman	Thomas Holland
Parliament of 1597–1598	John Osborne(?)	William Bastard
Parliament of 1601	John Traherne	William Bastard
Parliament of 1604–1611	Thomas Holland	Thomas Gurney
Addled Parliament (1614)
Parliament of 1621–1622	Robert Matthew	William Nyell
Happy Parliament (1624–1625)	Richard Matthew	William Plumley
Useless Parliament (1625)	Roger Matthew	John Upton
Parliament of 1625–1626
Parliament of 1628–1629
No Parliament summoned 1629–1640

1640–1832

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
April 1640		Andrew Voysey			John Upton
November 1640	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Roger Matthew	Royalist
1641				Samuel Browne	Parliamentarian
February 1644		Matthew disabled from sitting – seat vacant
1646			Thomas Boone
December 1648	Browne excluded in Pride's Purge – seat vacant
1653	Dartmouth was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654		Thomas Boone		Dartmouth had only one seat in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656		Edward Hopkins
January 1659		Thomas Boone			Colonel John Clarke
May 1659	Not represented in the restored Rump
1660		John Frederick			John Hale
1661		William Harbord			Thomas Southcote
1664					Thomas Kendall
1667					Walter Yonge
1670					William Gould (1640–1671) of Floyer Hayes, Exeter
1673					Josiah Child
February 1679		Sir Nathaniel Herne			John Upton
August 1679		Edward Yarde
1685		Roger Pomeroy			Arthur Farwell
January 1689		Charles Boone			William Hayne
September 1689		George Booth
November 1689		Sir Joseph Herne
1698					Frederick Herne
1699		?
1701		Nathaniel Herne
1713		Sir William Drake
1714					John Fownes
1715		Joseph Herne			John Fownes (junior)
1722		George Treby III			Thomas Martyn
1727	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	George Treby II	Whig	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Walter Carey	Whig
1742		Lord Archibald Hamilton
1747	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Jeffreys	Whig
1757				Captain the Hon. Richard Howe
1766			Richard Hopkins
1780			Arthur Holdsworth
1782	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Charles Brett	Rockingham Whig
1784				Richard Hopkins
1787			Edmund Bastard
1790				John Charles Villiers
1802		Tory		rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Arthur Howe Holdsworth	Tory
1812	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Edmund Pollexfen Bastard	Tory
1816	rowspan="5" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Bastard	Tory
1820	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Charles Milner Ricketts	Tory
1822	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			James Hamilton Stanhope	Tory
1825	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Sir John Hutton Cooper	Tory
1829	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Arthur Howe Holdsworth	Tory
1832	Representation reduced to one member

1832–1868

Year		Member	Party
1832	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	(Sir) John Seale	Whig
1844	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Joseph Somes	Conservative
1845	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	George Moffatt	Radical
1852	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir Thomas Herbert	Conservative
1857	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	James Caird	Peelite
April 1859	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Edward Wyndham Harrington Schenley	Liberal
August 1859	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Dunn	Conservative
1860	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Hardy	Conservative
1868	Constituency abolished

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

The 119 votes for Willoughby and Seale were declared void as they were placed by ineligible householders.

Elections in the 1840s

Seale's death caused a by-election.

Somes' death caused a by-election.

Elections in the 1850s

The election was declared void on petition due to bribery and corruption, causing a by-election.

Elections in the 1860s

Dunn's death caused a by-election.

References

• Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
• D. Brunton and D. H. Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
• Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988)
• T. H. B. Oldfield, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
• J. Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
• Robert Walcott, English Politics in the Early Eighteenth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956)
• Шаблон:Cite Notitia Parliamentaria
• Frederic A. Youngs, Jr, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol. I (London: Royal Historical Society, 1979)
• Шаблон:Rayment-hc