Английская Википедия:Dasht-e Kavir
Шаблон:Short descriptionШаблон:About Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Infobox valley
Dasht-e Kavir (Шаблон:Lang-fa in classical Persian, from khwar (low), and dasht (plain, flatland)) or Kavir Desert, also known as Kavir-e Namak or the Great Salt Desert, is a large desert lying in the middle of the Iranian Plateau. It is about Шаблон:Convert long by Шаблон:Convert wide with a total surface area of about Шаблон:Convert, making it the world's 24th largest desert.[1] The desert stretches from the Alborz mountain range in the north-west to the Dasht-e Lut in the south-east. It is spread across the Iranian provinces of Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Isfahan and Yazd.
Features
In the center of the desert lies the salt marshes of Kavir Buzurg (Great Kavir), which is about Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide. In the western part of the desert lies the Daryahcheh-e Namak ("salt lake"), Шаблон:Convert. It contains some large salt plates in a mosaic-like shape. It is part of a Шаблон:Convert protected ecological zone, the Kavir National Park.
Climate and structure
Dasht-e Kavir has an arid climate with little precipitation. However, there is usually some rainfall in winter, as well as the mountains that surround it, provide plenty of runoff—enough to create vast seasonal lakes, marshlands and playas. Daytime and nighttime temperatures can vary by as much as Шаблон:Convert over the course of a year. The weather can get quite cold during the nighttime in winter, routinely dropping to below Шаблон:Convert in some areas.
The desert soil is covered with sand and pebbles; there are marshes, seasonal lakes and seasonal river beds. The high temperatures and low humidity cause extreme vaporization, which leaves the marshes and mud grounds with large crusts of salt.
Post-glacial lake system
Almost 3,000 years ago, at the start of the post-glacial era, the Kavir was a series of vast lakes.Шаблон:Citation needed
Wildlife
Vegetation in the Dasht-e Kavir is adapted to the hot and arid climate as well as to the saline soil in which it is rooted.
Persian gazelles live in parts of steppe and desert areas of the central plateau. Wild sheep (Ovis orientalis), camels, wild goats (Capra aegagrus)[2] and Persian leopards are common in mountainous areas. Night life brings on wild cats, wolves, foxes, and other carnivores.
Cultivation
The extreme heat and many storms in Dasht-e Kavir cause extensive erosion, which makes it almost impossible to cultivate the lands. The desert is almost uninhabited and knows little exploitation.
See also
- Шаблон:Annotated link ('Desert of Emptiness')
- Шаблон:Annotated link
- Шаблон:Annotated link
- Шаблон:Annotated link
References
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Mohammadian, H. Mammals of Iran. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. Tehran, Iran. 2005.Шаблон:ISBN.
- Английская Википедия
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- Deserts of Iran
- Geography of Isfahan Province
- Geography of Tehran Province
- Geography of Yazd Province
- Iranian Plateau
- Physiographic sections
- Geography of Semnan Province
- Salt flats
- Salt flats of Iran
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