Английская Википедия:Dasypus bellus
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
Dasypus bellus, the beautiful armadillo,[1] is an extinct armadillo species endemic to North America and South America from the Pleistocene, living from 1.8 mya—11,000 years ago, existing for approximately Шаблон:Mya.[2]
Slightly larger than its living relative, the nine-banded armadillo,[1] its fossils are known from Florida and records extend west to New Mexico and north to Iowa and Indiana.[3]
Description
D. bellus had small, simple, peg-like teeth similar to D. novemcinctus. Its maximum length was approximately Шаблон:Convert long, twice the size of the nine-banded armadillo. The osteoderms of the shell and the limb bones of D. bellus are about two to two and a half times the extent of those of the living modern nine-banded armadillo D. novemcinctus. The small D. bellus overlapped in size with the D. novemcinctus. The body size of D. bellus decreased during the late Pleistocene, suggesting that its body size was variable.[4]
Relations
DNA
DNA testing of two D. bellus fossils and modern armadillos has proved the species are not genetically the same. However, one of the D. bellus fossils proved to be a specimen of D. novemcinctus. The mistake was due to the high morphological similarities between the two species. It also proved that D. novemcinctus was in Florida much earlier than previously thought.[4]
Fossils
The earliest fossils are found in early Pleistocene South America, and would emigrate into southern North America. They have been found at many sites in Florida, including caves, sinkholes, river sites, coastal, and lake deposits. By the late Pleistocene, D. bellus spread into the American Southwest. The living animals apparently preferred dry scrub environments. The most frequent type of fossil found are isolated osteoderms.[4] The most common types of osteoderms that have been found are the hexagonal elements, which include most of osteoderms covering the shoulder or pectoral regions. Other types of osteoderms include those covering the pelvic region of the carapace or the so-called buckler or immovable osteoderms and the elongate rectangular elements from the movable bands, the imbricating or movable osteoderms.[5]
Modern descendants
The beautiful armadillo likely shares a common lineage with numerous species of large armadillos from the Pleistocene of South America. This includes Propraopus sulcatus and Propraopus grandis. D. kappleri, the great long-nosed armadillo, which is the largest living species of Dasypus from tropical South America, has the same features of osteoderms as D. bellus. They also share a large, unreduced fifth digit on the manus. The range of D. novemcinctus, the smaller nine-banded armadillo, has expanded out of Mexico and into much of the former range of Dasypus bellus. The two species are morphologically similar to each other. This had led many to believe that they might be a single, highly adaptable species that has gone through a course of phenotypical changes along with geographical range fluctuations causing from environmental changes. However, as previously stated, DNA research has proved D. bellus and D. novemcinctus to be separate species.[4]
References
Further reading
- Шаблон:Cite journal Web of Science.
- Шаблон:Cite journal Web of Science.
- Шаблон:Cite journal Web of Science. Web. 27 Oct. 2015
- Шаблон:Cite journal Web of Science.
- Hulbert, Richard. “Dasypus bellus.” Florida Museum of Natural History. n. p. 11 March 2015. Web. 27 Oct. 2015Шаблон:Citation needed
- "Dasypus bellus Extinct Armadillo Fossil Facts and Photos." Fossil-Treasures-of-Florida. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.Шаблон:Citation needed
- Letts, Brandon, Shapiro, Beth. “The Recovery of Ancient DNA from Dasypus bellus Provides New Possibilities for Investigating Late Pleistocene Mammal Response to Climate Change.” Geophysical Research Abstracts. EGU General Assembly. 2010. Web. 27 Oct. 2015
- Шаблон:Cite journal
External links
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