Английская Википедия:Date and time notation in Asia
Шаблон:Unreferenced Шаблон:See also
Post-Soviet states
Date
In the Post-Soviet states DD.MM.YYYY format is used with dot as a separator.
Time
24-hour time notation is used officially and for purposes that require precision like announcements in the media. In colloquial speech 12-hour clock is used.
Greater Arabia
Greater China
Date
The date format follows the Chinese hierarchical system, which has traditionally been big-endian. Consequently, it correlates with ISO 8601 — year first, month next, and day last (e.g. Шаблон:Lang). A leading zero is optional in practice, but is mostly not used. Chinese characters that mean year, month, and day are often used as separators (e.g. Шаблон:Lang). Since the characters clearly label the date, the year may be abbreviated to two digits when this format is used.
The exception to this guideline is in Taiwan, where a separate calendar system is used, with years numbered to the founding of the Republic of China in 1912. Thus, the year 2006 corresponds to the "95th year of the Republic" (or Шаблон:Zh). In official contexts, this system is always used, while the Gregorian calendar is sometimes used in informal contexts. To avoid confusion, the Gregorian year is always written out in full in Taiwan. For example, 95.01.29 refers to 2006-01-29, not 1995-01-29 (which would be rendered as 84.01.29). Another means to distinguish between the two systems is to place the terms Gōngyuán (Шаблон:Lang, common era) and Mínguó (Шаблон:Lang, Republic) before the year. Example: 2006 is rendered as either Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang.
The day of the week is often appended to the date and commonly enclosed in parentheses, such as Шаблон:Lang.
In speech, the date is spoken in the same format as it is written.
Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p
Hào (Шаблон:Zh) is a colloquial term used to express the day of the month instead of rì (Шаблон:Zh). It is rarely used in formal writing.
Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p Шаблон:Ruby-zh-p
Hào is more often used when the month is understood from the context, i.e.: Шаблон:Zh for the 29th.
Dates written in Hong Kong and Macau are often formatted in the DD.MM.YYYY style due to European influences. Nonetheless, the Chinese form of the dates is still read in the same way as described above. Visas for the People's Republic of China also conform to this format.
Time
It is not uncommon to see Chinese numerals instead of Arabic numbers, but tourist attractions will usually use Arabic numerals for the convenience of foreigners.
Chinese characters that mean hour (Шаблон:Zh) and minute (Шаблон:Zh) are sometimes used instead of the standard colon, as in Шаблон:Zh, literally "nineteen hours, forty-five minutes". Шаблон:Zh(Шаблон:Zh) is a variation of Шаблон:Zh and typically used in speech and often in writing. Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh) is used to mean exactly on the hour, so Шаблон:Zh would be understood as "[exactly] 19:00". Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh), which literally means "clock", can be added to a time phrase, usually to mean on the hour (such as Шаблон:Zh, "7 o'clock [sharp]") or a time period of minutes (such as Шаблон:Zh, "twelve minutes long"). If the minutes of a given time are less than ten, the preceding zero is included in speech. The time 08:05 would be read as Шаблон:Zh, similar to how English speakers would describe the same time as "eight oh-five".
Both the 12-hour and 24-hour notations are used in spoken and written Chinese. To avoid confusion, time on schedules and public notices are typically formatted in the 24-hour system, so the times Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang are understood to be 12 hours apart from each other. Spoken Chinese predominantly uses the 12-hour system and follows the same concept as A.M. (Шаблон:Zh) and P.M. (Шаблон:Zh). However, these clarifying words precede the time. For example, 19:45 would be written as Шаблон:Zh ("after noon seven hours forty-five") or Шаблон:Zh ("after noon seven hours forty-five minutes"). Time written in the 24-hour system can be read as is, so Шаблон:Zh is read as Шаблон:Zh.
A sample of other phrases that are often used to better describe the time-frame of day are listed below:
| Chinese | Pinyin | Meaning | Time period covered |
|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Zh | Шаблон:Zh | approaching morning/dawn | Midnight to before dawn |
| Шаблон:Zh | Шаблон:Zh | morning | Dawn to about 9:00 or 10:00 |
| Шаблон:Zh | Шаблон:Zh | day before noon | Dawn to 11:59 Also used in computer systems (e.g. Windows) to denote "a.m." |
| Шаблон:Zh; Шаблон:Zh | Шаблон:Zh | midday; noon | 11:00 to 12:59 |
| Шаблон:Zh | Шаблон:Zh | day after noon | 13:00 to before dusk Also used in computer systems (e.g. Windows) to denote "p.m." |
| Шаблон:Zh | Шаблон:Zh | approaching evening/night | Dusk to about 19:00 |
| Шаблон:Zh | Шаблон:Zh | evening/night | 18:00 to midnight |
- 03:00
- 19:00
- Note: As in English, these time-frame phrases are used only with the 12-hour system.
Time can alternatively be expressed as a fraction of the hour. A traditional Chinese unit of time, the Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh), was 1/96 of the 24-hour day, equivalent mathematically to 15 minutes and semantically to the English "quarter of an hour". A quarter-after is thus Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh) or Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh). A quarter-to is Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh), or more commonly, Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh). "At the half-hour" is described using Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh), which means half.
Attention must be drawn to the time 02:00. It is written as Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Lang) but is almost always read as Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Lang). The number two, Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Lang), takes the form of Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Lang) when followed by a measure word, in this case, Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Lang). Note that this does not apply to either 12:00. Noon is Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh); Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh); or Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh). Midnight, on the other hand, is Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh) or Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh).
Cantonese has an additional method of expressing time as a fraction of the hour. This system divides the hour into 12 units, each five minutes long. Each unit, therefore, corresponds to one of the numbers written on an analogue clock. The character for this unit is uncertain since it is only used in speech, however the Cantonese pronunciation is Шаблон:Zh and homonymous to the Mandarin pronunciation of Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Zh. This method can be used in two ways - with the relative hour and without. When the relative hour is included, the unit must be preceded with the measure word Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh). Example: 3:05 is Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh), usually simply 3點1. When the relative hour is not included, the unit is omitted as well; the position of the minute hand is described instead, using the verb Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh), which literally means "step on", meaning "resting on top of" in this context. Examples:
- five-after = Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh)
- ten-after = Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh)
- fifteen-to = Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh)
- ten-to = Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh)
The half-hour mark is never described using this unit of five minutes, however. 3:30 is still Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh), as previously described. Half-past the hour is Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Zh).
India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
Iran
Japan
Korea
Mongolia
Nepal
Southeast Asia
- Date and time notation in the Philippines
- Date and time notation in Thailand
- Date and time notation in Vietnam
Turkey
See also
