Английская Википедия:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with Francoist Spain

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Шаблон:Short description The Spanish Civil War was fought from 17 July 1936 till the victory of Francoist Spain on 1 April 1939. After the end of the war, the Spanish Republic formed a government-in-exile in Paris and Mexico City. Between the start of the civil war and Spanish transition to democracy and the reconciliation with the Spanish Republican government in exile in 1977, nations decided when, how, and if they recognised the government of Spain.

Americas

Country Established Notes
Chile 5 April 1939 After Chile recognised the nationalist government in April 1939, the two countries were immediately embroiled in a conflict surrounding the status of Republican refugees seeking asylum in Chile. Spain ended diplomatic relations with Chile on 17 July 1940, after the two countries failed to resolve the matter, though relations were restored on 12 October 1940 after Brazil and Italy mediated the dispute.[1]
Guatemala Шаблон:When The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Guatemala in March 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp[3]Шаблон:Rp
Mexico 28 March 1977 The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Mexico on 25 August 1945.[2]Шаблон:Rp Mexico reestablished diplomatic relations only after the death of Francisco Franco. By 1975, within the United Nations, only Yugoslavia and Mexico still recognised, and hosted an embassy to, the Spanish Republican government in exile.[4][5][2]Шаблон:Rp
Panama 18 March 1953 The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Panama in March 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp Relations were soon reestablished as the two countries signed a Treaty of Friendship on 18 March 1953.[3]Шаблон:Rp
Peru February 1939 Relations were severed in March 17, 1938, but after General Francisco Franco took power, relations were reestablished on February and both nations reopened their embassies in June.[6]
United States 27 December 1950 On 1 April 1939, the United States lifted the embargoes placed on Spain, providing limited recognition to the regime,[7]Шаблон:Rp and the embassy to Spain, previously in Barcelona, now headed by a Chargé d’Affaires ad interim, was moved back to Madrid on the 13th.[8] In the aftermath of World War II, public opinion on the Franco regime was low, with most seeing the state as collaborationist with Nazi Germany and President Harry S. Truman being opposed to the reestablishment of formal diplomatic relations. However, as the Cold War began, and with Spanish agents, US military officials, and US businessmen lobbying for the opening of relations, popular opinion shifted. The appointment of a US ambassador to Madrid was announced on 27 December 1950. In July 1951, negotiations started for an alliance which would eventually become the Pact of Madrid.[9]
Venezuela Шаблон:When The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Venezuela in March 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp

Asia

Country Established Notes
People's Republic of China 9 March 1973 [10]
Republic of China 1952 During World War II, Beijing was reluctant to establish relations with Madrid, and in 1946 the Spanish Legation in China was officially closed. The situation improved after the Korean War started, leading to formal relations being established in 1952,[11] with a friendship agreement being signed in February 1953.[12] In March 1973, formal diplomatic relations between the two nations were suspended.[13]
Japan 1 December 1937 Japan recognised the Francoist government of Spain in exchange for German, Spanish, and Italian recognition of Manchukuo.[14] Spain declared a rupture in relations on 12 April 1945,[15] which were reestablished in 1952.[11]
Manchukuo 2 December 1937 In October 1938, a friendship legation arrived from the Japanese puppet state Manchukuo (later part of the People's Republic of China since 1949), and a treaty of friendship was signed in 1939.[14]
Philippines 27 September 1947 Legations were established in 1947 following the signing of a bilateral friendship treaty on 27 September 1947.[16][11]
Thailand February 1949 The first permanent representative of Spain arrived in Bangkok in February 1949, and a Treaty of Friendship was signed in 1952.[11]
Vietnam 1950 [11]

Europe

Country Established Notes
Albania Шаблон:When The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Albania December 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp
Bulgaria 27 January 1970 The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Bulgaria on 30 November 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp Relations were restored on 27 January 1970.[17]Шаблон:Rp
Czechoslovakia 28 January 1939 Government of Rudolf Beran recognized Francoist Government on 28 January 1939.[18] The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Czechoslovakia on 22 August 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp
France 27 February 1939 France and Britain together unconditionally recognised the nationalist government on 27 February 1939.[19]Шаблон:Rp
Germany 18 November 1936 Шаблон:See alsoGermany and Italy together recognised the nationalist government on 18 November 1936.[19]Шаблон:Rp[20]
Hungary February 1938 The Hungarian state led by Miklós Horthy recognised Franco's government in February 1938.[21] After World War II ended, the Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by the Hungarian People's Republic on 28 July 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp Relations were reestablished with Madrid on 9 January 1977, after Franco had died.[22]
Ireland 11 February 1939 Шаблон:See also[23]Шаблон:Rp
Italy 18 November 1936 Шаблон:See alsoGermany and Italy together recognised the nationalist government on 18 November 1936.[19]Шаблон:Rp[20]
Poland February 1939 The Second Polish Republic recognised the Franco government in February 1939, after the United Kingdom and France had already done so.[24] After the World War II, the Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by the Polish People's Republic on 5 April 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp
Portugal 11 May 1938 Portugal had ended formal relations with the Spanish Republic in October 1936 and appointed diplomatic agents to Nationalist Spain in December 1937. In 1939, Portugal would go on to sign the Iberian Pact, formalising the friendship between Portugal and Francoist Spain.[25][26]Шаблон:Rp
Romania 5 January 1967 The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Romania on 21 May 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp Relations were restored on 5 January 1967.[17]Шаблон:Rp
Soviet Union 9 February 1977 The Soviet Union fully supported the Republican government in the Civil War. After World War II and throughout the Cold War, relations were maintained informally through offices in Paris and economic ties. After the death of Francisco Franco, Spain and the Soviet Union established formal relations and exchanged embassies on 9 February 1977.[27]
Switzerland Шаблон:When Switzerland sent a diplomatic agent to Franco on 3 May 1938, and a representative from the Francoist government had been tolerated and granted privileges in Bern since 1937. All this meant that on 24 November 1938, Rab Butler described relationship between the two entities as "de facto recognition".[2]Шаблон:Rp
United Kingdom 27 February 1939 In November 1937, the British government exchanged agents with the Franco government, a move criticised by Clement Attlee as "de facto recognition of the insurgent government", though a government communiqué stressed that this did not constitute recognition.[2]Шаблон:Rp France and Britain together unconditionally recognised the nationalist government on 27 February 1939.[19]Шаблон:Rp The Labour Party opposed the recognition, with Clement Attlee calling it "a gross betrayal... two and a half years of hypocritical pretense of non-intervention".[19]Шаблон:Rp[28]
Vatican City June 1938 Francoist Spain proclaimed itself a Catholic nation on 30 October 1936, hoping to win the support of the Vatican, which did not extend formal recognition. On 1 July 1937, the Letters of the Spanish Hierarchy were published, which detailed the Spanish Church's position on the war and stated that the Church endorsed Franco's forces.[29]Шаблон:Rp In August, Pablo Churruca was serving as chargé d'affaires in Rome, which the Francoist press described as having "the status of official diplomatic representative" but the Vatican insisted that this was not formal recognition,[23]Шаблон:Rp though in September 1937, the Vatican had sent a chargé to Burgos, and in June 1938 full diplomatic recognition was established.[30]Шаблон:Rp
Yugoslavia Шаблон:When The Republican government was recognised as the only legitimate government of Spain by Yugoslavia on 13 April 1946.[2]Шаблон:Rp By 1975, within the United Nations, only Yugoslavia and Mexico still recognised, and hosted an embassy to, the Spanish Republican government in exile.[5]

Oceania

Country Established Notes
Australia 26 October 1967 Australia, was officially neutral during the Civil War. However, over 66 Australians volunteered and fought for the Republican faction in Spain as part of the British Battalion.[31] Formal diplomatic relations were officially established on 26 October 1967, with the Spanish opening an embassy in Canberra on 3 May 1968.[32][33]
New Zealand 28 March 1969 Volunteers from New Zealand assisted the Republican Faction in the Civil War.[34] Formal diplomatic relations were officially established on 28 March 1969.[35]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  18. ↑ https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/mzk/view/uuid:a9aa7330-f26c-11e8-9445-5ef3fc9bb22f?page=uuid:21723a70-f280-11e8-9984-005056825209
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 19,4 Шаблон:Cite book
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  31. ↑ Australian Participation in the Spanish Civil War
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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