Английская Википедия:David Hackston

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person

Файл:The murder of Archbishop Sharp on Magus Muir.jpg
The murder of Archbishop Sharp in 1679. The mounted figure, lower left, may be intended to portray Hackston. Sharp's daughter pleads for her father's life, lower right.

David Hackston or Halkerstone (died 30 July 1680), was a militant Scottish Covenanter, remembered mainly for his part in the murder of Archbishop James Sharp of St. Andrews in 1679 and his involvement in the events of 1680 which led to his capture and execution.

Biography

Hackston belonged to a well-connected landowning family, the Hackstons or Halkerstones of Rathillet, in the parish of Kilmany, Fifeshire. He was the eldest son of James Hackston and Margaret, daughter of James Falconer of Craigfoodie, and inherited his father's estate in 1670.[1] According to a parish minister writing in 1845, "It is not known whether he was born at the family seat. The records of the kirk-session do not go back so far".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn There is no indication that he was religious in his youth, but attendance at a 'field preaching' led him to cast in his lot with the Covenanters, becoming one of their most trusted leaders.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1679, he was asked to lead the party which had resolved to assassinate Archbishop Sharp, but declined "upon account of a difference subsisting betwixt Sharp and him in a civil process, wherein he judged himself to have been wronged by the primate, which deed he thought would give the world ground to think it was rather out of personal pique and revenge, which he professed he was free of".Шаблон:Sfn He agreed, however, to stand by the others and take the consequences. Accordingly, he sat at some distance from the action, while other members of the group, led by John Balfour of Kinloch, despatched Sharp on 3 May 1679.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:David Hackston portrayal, Archbishop Sharp Memorial, St. Andrews.JPG
Hackston (left) portrayed on the Archbishop Sharp Memorial in St. Andrews

One of the group, James Russell, later stated that one of Sharp's servants, "came to Rathillet, who was standing at a distance with his cloak about his mouth all the time on horseback, and desired him to come and cause save his life, who answered, as he meddled not with them nor desired them to take his life, so he durst not plead for him nor forbid them".Шаблон:Sfn

After the murder Hackston fled into the west country and took part in drawing up and publishing The Declaration and Testimony of the true Presbyterian Party in Scotland, which condemned the government's actions in religious affairs since the Restoration. On 29 May 1679, on the day chosen to celebrate the anniversary of the King's return to the throne, a party of Covenanters, Hackston among them, rode into Rutherglen, extinguished the bonfire in the main street and read the Declaration publicly before affixing it to the mercat cross.Шаблон:Sfn A new fire was then lit and Acts of Parliament and the Privy Council passed against the Covenanters since 1660 were consigned to the flames.

Hackston was also one of the commanders of the Covenanters who fought at the battle of Drumclog on 1 June, and again at Bothwell Bridge on 22 June 1679, where he was credited with heroically defending the bridge for up to an hour against superior forces led by the Duke of Monmouth. Having escaped from the battlefield, a reward of 10,000 merks was offered for his apprehension, obliging him to stay in hiding.Шаблон:Sfn

In July 1680, he reappeared as one of the armed followers who accompanied Richard Cameron at the issuing of the Sanquhar Declaration.Шаблон:Sfn At length, on 22 July 1680, he and about 60 of Cameron's followers were surprised by a body of dragoons at Airds Moss in Ayrshire. A skirmish ensued in which the Covenanters were worsted, and Hackston, apparently in the capacity of commander-in-chief and badly wounded, was taken prisoner and escorted to Edinburgh.Шаблон:Sfn The Privy Council instructed that:

Шаблон:Quote

Файл:Original site of the Mercat Cross, High Street - geograph.org.uk - 1367417.jpg
The site of Edinburgh's Mercat Cross (from 1617 to 1756) and the place of Hackston's execution.
Файл:Covenanters Plaque, Grassmarket (geograph 2355298).jpg
Plaque, Grassmarket

Then, following a hearing before the Privy Council, at which he was indicted for the murder of Sharp, he appeared before the Justiciary and again before the Council which pronounced sentence, ordaining:

Шаблон:Quote

The execution took place on 30 July 1680. It seems that Hackston had a strong constitution, because, despite the loss of his hands and the disembowelling, it was claimed that his heart continued to beat for some time after it was on the executioner's knife.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:The Covenanters grave, Cupar Fife.JPG
The Covenanters grave in Cupar, Fife contains one of Hackston's handsШаблон:Sfn

Monuments

In the old churchyard at Cupar a tombstone commemorates three sufferers for the Covenant. It is inscribed thus :

"Here lie interred the heads of Laur Hay : and Andrew Pitulloch, who suffered martyrdom at Edinburgh, July 13th, 1681, for adhering to the word of God, and Scotland's covenanted work of reformation ; and also one of the hands of David Hackston, of Rathillet, who was most cruelly martyred at Edinburgh, July 30th, 1680.

Our persecutors filled with rage,
Their brutish fury to assuage,

Took heads and hands of martyrs off,
That they might be the people's scoff.

They Hackston's body cut asunder,
And set it up a world's wonder

In several places; to proclaim
These monsters' glory and their shame."Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Other sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Attribution

Further reading

Шаблон:Scots Worthies Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:David_Hackston&oldid=14214024