Английская Википедия:David J. Thouless
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox scientist David James Thouless Шаблон:Post-nominals[1][2] (Шаблон:IPAc-en; 21 September 1934 – 6 April 2019[3][4][5]) was a British condensed-matter physicist.[6] He was the winner of the 1990 Wolf Prize and a laureate of the 2016 Nobel Prize for physics along with F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.[7]
Education
Born on 21 September 1934 in Bearsden, Scotland [8] to English parents, Priscilla (Gorton) Thouless, an English teacher, and Robert Thouless a psychologist and broadcaster.[9] David Thouless was educated at Winchester College and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge as an undergraduate student of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.[10] He obtained his PhD at Cornell University,[3][11] where Hans Bethe was his doctoral advisor.[12][13]
Career and research
Thouless was a postdoctoral researcher at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, and also worked in the physics department from 1958 to 1959, giving a course on atomic physics.[5][14][15] He was the first director of studies in physics at Churchill College, Cambridge, in 1961–1965, professor of mathematical physics at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom in 1965–1978,[16] and professor of applied science at Yale University from 1979 to 1980,[15] before becoming a professor of physics at the University of Washington[17] in Seattle in 1980.[16] Thouless made many theoretical contributions to the understanding of extended systems of atoms and electrons, and of nucleons.[18][19][5] He also worked on superconductivity phenomena, properties of nuclear matter, and excited collective motions within nuclei.[18][19][5]
Thouless made many important contributions to the theory of many-body problems.[5] For atomic nuclei, he cleared up the concept of 'rearrangement energy' and derived an expression for the moment of inertia of deformed nuclei.[5] In statistical mechanics, he contributed many ideas to the understanding of ordering, including the concept of 'topological ordering'.[5] Other important results relate to localised electron states in disordered lattices.[1][5]
Academic papers
Selected papers[20] include: Шаблон:Refbegin
Books
Awards and honours
Thouless was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1979,[1] a Fellow of the American Physical Society (1986), a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the US National Academy of Sciences (1995).[21] Among his awards are the Wolf Prize for Physics (1990),[22] the Paul Dirac Medal of the Institute of Physics (1993), the Lars Onsager Prize[23] of the American Physical Society (2000), and the Nobel Prize in Physics (2016).[19][5]
Personal life
Thouless married Margaret Elizabeth Scrase in 1958 and together they had three children.[10] In 2016, Thouless was reported to be suffering from dementia.[24] He died on 6 April 2019 in Cambridge, aged 84.[4]
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Wolf Prize in Physics Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Physics Шаблон:2016 Nobel Prize winners
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite web One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: Шаблон:Blockquote
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Who's Who
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7 5,8 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web, Los Alamos National Laboratory
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ David Thouless, 84, Dies; Nobel Laureate Cast Light on Matter New York Times, 2019-04-22.
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbbcне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite thesis
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокmathgeneне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Scopus id
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ David J. Thouless Winner of Wolf Prize in Physics – 1990 Шаблон:Webarchive on the official website of Wolf Foundation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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