Английская Википедия:Daza language

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Redirect-distinguish Шаблон:Infobox language

Daza (also known as Dazaga) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Daza people (a sub-group of the Toubou people) inhabiting northern Chad and eastern Niger.[1] The Daza are also known as the Gouran (Gorane) in Chad.[1] Dazaga is spoken by around 700,000 people, primarily in the Djurab Desert region and the Borkou region, locally called Haya or Faya-Largeau northern-central Chad, the capital of the Dazaga people. Dazaga is spoken in the Tibesti Mountains of Chad (606,000 speakers), in eastern Niger near N'guigmi and to the north (93,200 speakers).[1] It is also spoken to a smaller extent in Libya and in Sudan, where there is a community of 3,000 speakers in the city of Omdurman.Шаблон:Citation needed There's also a small diaspora community working in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

The two primary dialects of the Dazaga language are Daza and Kara, but there are several other mutually intelligible dialects, including Kaga, Kanobo, Taruge and Azza. It is closely related to the Tedaga language, spoken by the Teda, the other out of the two Toubou people groups, who reside primarily in the Tibesti Mountains of northern Chad and in southern Libya near the city of Sabha.

Dazaga is a Nilo-Saharan language and a member of the Western Saharan branch of the Saharan subgroup which also contains the Kanuri language, Kanembu language and Tebu languages.[2] Tebu is further divided into Tedaga and Dazaga. The Eastern Saharan branch includes the Zaghawa language and Berti language.[3]

Vocabulary

The dialects spoken in Chad and Niger have some French influence whereas the dialects spoken in Libya and Sudan have more of an Arabic influence. The Dazaga language was not traditionally a written language but in recent years the SIL had developed an orthography. The majority of Dazaga speakers are bilingual or multilingual in their native tongue along with either Arabic, French, Zaghawa, Hausa, Zarma, Kanuri or Tuareg. There are thus many borrowings from other languages such as Arabic, Hausa or French. For example, the word for "thank you" is borrowed from Arabic shokran and incorporated into the language by usually being followed by the suffix -num marking the second person.
The following tables contain words from the Daza dialect spoken in Omdurman, Sudan. This romanisation is not standard.

Numbers

English Dazaga English Dazaga
One Tron Eleven Murdai sa Tron
Two Jow Twelve Murdai sa Jow
Three Aguzo Thirteen Murdai sa Aguzo
Four Twzo Fourteen Murdai sa Twzo
Five Foo Fifteen Murdai sa Foo
Six Disi Sixteen Murdai sa Disi
Seven Troso Seventeen Murdai sa Troso
Eight Woso Eighteen Murdai sa Woso
Nine Yisi Nineteen Murdai sa Yisi
Ten Murdum Twenty Digiram
Thirty Murtta Aguzo Fifty Murtta Foo
Forty Murtta Twzo Hundred Kidri

Basic words and phrases

English Dazaga English Dazaga
man Agni Good Morning Wasa Nisira
woman Ari Good Night Kalar Sizoo
family Ama tanga Thank you alay barkantchân
brother Dagi My name is... Tan Sortanjo
sister Duroo What is your name? Sornuma Jaa? or sornuma eni'
papa Abaa How are you? neré wasi?
mama Aya I am well Kala Layy or Tan Wasu or wasa a'
friend Lao Please toussowna
world Dina Country Ni
dead Noso Religion Din
people Amma Better Bouré
East Mah West Jeh
North Yallh South Onoum

Phonology

The phonology of Daza is as follows:[4]

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Fricative Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link (Шаблон:IPA link) Шаблон:IPA link
Nasal Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Flap Шаблон:IPA link
Lateral Шаблон:IPA link
Approximant Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Mid Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Open Шаблон:IPA link

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Languages of Chad Шаблон:Languages of Niger Шаблон:Languages of Sudan Шаблон:Saharan languages

Шаблон:Authority control

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок e26 не указан текст
  2. Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963. The languages of Africa. International Journal of American Linguistics 29.1. Repr. The Hague: Mouton, 1966.
  3. Cyffer, Norbert. 2000. Linguistic properties of the Saharan languages. Areal and Genetic Factors in Language Classification and Description: Africa South of the Sahara, ed. by Petr Zima, 30–59. Lincom Studies in African Linguistics 47. München: Lincom Europa
  4. Шаблон:Cite book