Английская Википедия:Dazed and Confused (song)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox song "Dazed and Confused" is a song written by American singer-songwriter Jake Holmes in 1967. Performed in a folk rock-style, he recorded it for his debut album "The Above Ground Sound" of Jake Holmes. Although some concluded that it was about a bad acid trip, Holmes insists the lyrics refer to the effects of a girl's indecision on ending a relationship.

After hearing Holmes perform the song in August 1967, English rock group the Yardbirds reworked it with a new arrangement. It soon became a centerpiece of their tours, several recordings of which have been released, including on Yardbirds '68, produced by guitarist Jimmy Page.

In 1968 "Dazed and Confused", with new lyrics and vocal line, was recorded by Page's new group for their debut album, Led Zeppelin. It became a signature song and concert staple for much of the group's career. Holmes attempted to contact Page in the 1980s regarding the songwriting credit, but received no response. In 2010, Holmes filed a lawsuit and the matter was settled out of court, with the credit on Led Zeppelin releases being changed to "Jimmy Page, inspired by Jake Holmes".

Background and composition

Jake Holmes began his music career in the early 1960s, and recorded and performed with several different groups.Шаблон:Sfn He was influenced by psychedelic rock and groups such as the Byrds and the Blues Project, and wrote "Dazed and Confused" in a similar style with a blues influence.[1] In earlyШаблон:Nbsp1967, he recorded the song for his debut solo album "The Above Ground Sound" of Jake Holmes, as a trio of acoustic guitar, electric guitar, and bass.[2] On July 10, it was released on the Tower Records label.Шаблон:Sfn

The arrangement is a modular dirge in the key of E minor[3] built on a descending chromatic bass line alternating between the 3rd (E-G-F#-F-E) and the 7th (E-D-C#-C-B).[4] Holmes' singing has been described as "pained",[2] and the lyrics ("you're out to get me/you're on the right track") and ("I'm being abused/I'm better off dead"), coupled with the arrangement led some people to think the song was about a bad acid trip.[1] However, Holmes said it was a song about a girl.Шаблон:Sfn

In August 1967, Holmes opened for the Yardbirds at a Greenwich Village gig in New York.[5] According to Holmes, "That was the infamous moment of my life when 'Dazed and Confused' fell into the loving arms and hands of Jimmy Page."Шаблон:Sfn He was aware of the song appearing on Led Zeppelin's eponymous debut album less than two years later, but did not take any action at the time. In the early 1980s, he wrote to the group and asked for a co-credit, but received no reply.[1]

In June 2010, Holmes sued Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page for copyright infringement, claiming to be the author of "Dazed and Confused" In court documents, he cited a 1967 copyright registration for the song, which was renewed in 1995.[5] The case was "dismissed with prejudice"Шаблон:Efn on January 17, 2012, after the parties reached an undisclosed settlement out of court.[6]

The Yardbirds

Background

By late 1966, English rock group the Yardbirds had moved away from recording hit singles towards regular touring. In July 1967, they began their second tour of the US as a quartet, with Jimmy Page as the sole guitarist.Шаблон:Sfn The group performed at more countercultural venues, such as the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco.Шаблон:Sfn Their sets became more varied with extended medleysШаблон:Sfn and featured guitar instrumentals by Page, such as "White Summer" and "Glimpses".Шаблон:Sfn

On August 25, 1967, the group headlined at the Village Theater in New York City, with opening acts the Youngbloods and Jake Holmes.Шаблон:Sfn Yardbirds drummer Jim McCarty was the only Yardbird to catch Holmes' performance.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn He liked "Dazed and Confused" and bought the album the next day, subsequently playing it to the rest of the band. They reworked the song, focusing the arrangements based on the descending bass line. Page added additional guitar riffs in the middle of the song.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Composition

The Yardbirds began to develop a new arrangement for "Dazed and Confused" while still on tour in the U.S.Шаблон:Sfn Holmes' brooding atmosphere and descending bass line were retained, as well as most of the lyrics.Шаблон:Sfn Page doubled the bass line, echoing Holmes' live performances with two acoustic guitarists.Шаблон:Sfn However, propelled by drums and an overdriven Fender Telecaster,Шаблон:Sfn the song quickly took on a new, distinctly non-folk sound.Шаблон:Sfn

Singer Keith Relf initially followed Holmes' verses, but later often changed the order or mixed lines from different verses.Шаблон:Sfn Led Zeppelin biographer Mick Wall feels that Relf only "slightly altered" the lyrics,Шаблон:Sfn while Page biographer Martin Power credits Relf with "writing new lyrics".Шаблон:Sfn Yardbirds chronicler Greg Russo describes that gradually the song "moved from Holmes' original lyrics to an alternate set of lyrics that combined words from Jake Holmes and Keith Relf."Шаблон:Sfn

The Yardbirds' major innovations were the instrumental breaks and an extended instrumental middle section.Шаблон:Sfn Writer-educator Susan Fast describes the breaks, appearing between the verses and after Page's solo, as "a detail that contributes significantly to the drama of the piece, creating enormous tension at the end of each verse before moving on to the next.Шаблон:Sfn

It begins with a bowed electric guitar phrasings by Page, answered by vocal and harmonica interjections by Relf. Page attributed the idea of using a violin bow on the guitar to a suggestion from violinist David McCallum, Sr., whom he met in his pre-Yardbirds days as a session musician.Шаблон:Sfn The bowed section gives way to Page's riff-laden guitar solo, propelled by a bass ostinato and fast driving 4/4-meter.Шаблон:Sfn The song returns to the slow tempo 12/8 verse structure before the coda.Шаблон:Sfn The Yardbirds' new arrangement, contributed by the four members, soon amounted to a major reworking of Holmes' original piece.Шаблон:Sfn Bassist Chris Dreja later said, "We found it, arranged it and played it. In a way, it was a great epitaph, because we were feeling very dazed and confused about what the hell was going on!"Шаблон:Sfn

Performances

"Dazed and Confused" was a regular part of the Yardbirds' performances during their final tours in 1967 and 1968.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The song debuted during their short US tour in late 1967, which included a date at the Village Theater.Шаблон:Sfn When they returned to England, the group performed a nine-minute version in January 1968, around the time the full quartet recorded their last single, "Think About It".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn On March 5–6, the Yardbirds performed "Dazed and Confused" for BBC Radio.Шаблон:Sfn In his Led Zeppelin biography When Giants Walked the Earth, Wall notes that the relatively concise 5:48 version "sounds almost identical musically to the number Page would take credit for on the first Zeppelin album".Шаблон:Sfn (Led Zeppelin's studio version lasts 6:28.) Another short (5:46) performance was filmed by French television on March 9 for Bouton Rouge.Шаблон:Sfn AllMusic critic Bruce Eder notes it "comes off much better than the officialШаблон:Sic Anderson Theater version from later the same month."[7]

On March 28, 1968, the Yardbirds returned to New York to begin their final US tour.Шаблон:Sfn Before their March 30 concert at the Anderson Theater, representatives from Epic Records, the group's American label, informed them that it was going to be recorded for a live album.Шаблон:Sfn The group felt that it was not sufficiently prepared, but proceeded, with "Dazed and Confused" as their third number.Шаблон:Sfn Disappointed with the playbacks, the Yardbirds rejected any idea of releasing the recordings as a live album.Шаблон:Sfn However, after Page's rise to fame in Led Zeppelin, Epic released the album in 1971, with "Dazed and Confused" retitled "I'm Confused" (with no composer credit or performance rights organization).Шаблон:Sfn (Within a week, Page responded with an injunction, which prevented further sales of the album.Шаблон:Sfn) Although the recording and the group's performance is a bit rough, in a review Eder singled out the song as "something new, a slow blues as dark, forbidding, and intense as anything that the band ever cut – it showed where Page, if not his band, was heading."[8] In 2017, Page remixed the Anderson Theater recordings and the song (with the correct title) was issued on Yardbirds '68.Шаблон:Sfn

Recordings and releases

The Yardbirds never attempted to record the piece in the studio.Шаблон:Sfn However, Page used an abbreviated version of his guitar solo from "Dazed and Confused" for the middle-section guitar solo of "Think About It".Шаблон:Sfn

Several live recordings of "Dazed and Confused" are in release. If the song was introduced, it was announced as "Dazed and Confused" – it is unknown why Epic re-titled it "I'm Confused".Шаблон:Sfn

Led Zeppelin

Шаблон:Infobox song When the Yardbirds disbanded in 1968, Page planned to record the song in the studio with the successor group he had assembled that summer.[10] According to Zeppelin bassist John Paul Jones, the first time he heard the song was at the band's first rehearsal session at Gerrard Street in London, in 1968: "Jimmy played us the riffs at the first rehearsal and said, 'This is a number I want us to do'."[11] The future Led Zeppelin recorded their version in October 1968 at Olympic Studios, London, and the song was included on their debut album Led Zeppelin (1969).Шаблон:Sfn "Dazed and Confused" was the second song recorded at the Olympic sessions.Шаблон:Sfn

The group recorded the song in two takes. Page played a Telecaster and violin bow as he had performed it with the Yardbirds.[12]Шаблон:Efn Singer Robert Plant wrote a new set of bluesier lyrics, according to Page,[1] though Plant is not credited on the album, due to contractual obligations to Chrysalis Records. Plant's vocal is raw and powerful, delivered with "unrelenting passion."[13] Other than the lyrics and vocal, the song remained very similar to that performed by the Yardbirds earlier that year.[2][14][15]

As of 2002, the 1969 promotional EP using "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You" as the A-side track and "Dazed and Confused" as B-side had been one of top ten Led Zeppelin music collectibles.[16] A collector Rick Barrett, dedicated to his Led Zeppelin memorabilia, sold several copies of the promo EP for Шаблон:Currency–500 each, "depending on the condition of the sleeve and of the record itself," said Barrett.[17]

In June 2010, Holmes filed a lawsuit in United States District Court, alleging copyright infringement and naming Page as a co-defendant.[18] The suit was "dismissed with prejudice" on January 17, 2012,Шаблон:Efn after an undisclosed settlement between Page and Holmes was reached out of court in the fall of 2011.[6] Subsequent Led Zeppelin albums, such as Celebration Day (2012) and the remastered and deluxe editions of the group's debut album (2014), expanded the songwriter's credit for "Dazed and Confused" to "By Page – Inspired by Jake Holmes."[12]

Live performances

"Dazed and Confused" was the most regularly performed song by Led Zeppelin, appearing at over 400 concerts.Шаблон:Sfn It was played on every tour up to and including their 1975 shows at Earls Court. It was greatly expanded to include more improvisation, including short portions of other songs, and live performances could exceed 30 minutes. It was subsequently removed from their live set, although Page continued to perform parts of the bowed guitar segment during solo spots on subsequent tours, as preludes to "Achilles Last Stand" (1977 tour) and "In the Evening" (Knebworth 1979 and Tour Over Europe 1980).Шаблон:Sfn It was part of the group's set at the Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert on December 10, 2007.[19]

A live version of "Dazed and Confused" recorded July 1973 at New York's Madison Square Garden was featured in the 1976 Led Zeppelin concert film The Song Remains the Same.Шаблон:Sfn Other live recordings are found on the following official releases:

Accolades

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame USA "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll"[22] 1994 *
Pause & Play USA "Time Capsule Inductions – Songs"[23] 1998 *
NME UK "117 Songs to soundtrack your summer"[24] 2003 *
Toby Creswell Australia "1001 Songs: the Great Songs of All Time"[25] 2005 *
Pitchfork Media USA "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s"[26] 2006 11
Q UK "The 20 Greatest Guitar Tracks"[27] 2007 2
Q UK "21 Albums That Changed Music – Key Track"[28] 2007 6

(*) designates unordered lists

See also

Notes

Footnotes Шаблон:Notelist

Citations Шаблон:Reflist

References

External links

Шаблон:The Yardbirds Шаблон:Led Zeppelin songs Шаблон:Led Zeppelin

Шаблон:Authority control

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  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Unterberger album не указан текст
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  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:AllMusic
  9. ↑ Шаблон:AllMusic
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Mat Snow, "Apocalypse Then", Q magazine, December 1990, p. 77.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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