Английская Википедия:Dciriku language

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language

Gciriku, or Dciriku (Also Diriku, Dirico, Manyo or Rumanyo), is a Bantu language spoken by 305,000 people along the Kavango River in Namibia, Botswana and Angola. 24,000 people speak Gciriku in Angola, according to Ethnologue.[1] It was first known in the west via the Vagciriku, who had migrated from the main Vamanyo area and spoke Rugciriku, a dialect of Rumanyo. The name Gciriku (Dciriku, Diriku) remains common in the literature, but within Namibia the name Rumanyo has been revived.[2] The Mbogedu dialect is extinct; Maho (2009) lists it as a distinct language, and notes that the names 'Manyo' and 'Rumanyo' are inappropriate for it.

It is one of several Bantu languages of the Okavango which have click consonants, as in Шаблон:IPA-all ('bed'), Шаблон:IPA-all ('flower'), and Шаблон:IPA-all ('tortoise'). These clicks, of which there are half a dozen (c, gc, ch, and prenasalized nc and nch), are generally all pronounced with a dental articulation, but there is broad variation between speakers. They are especially common in place names and in words for features of the landscape, reflecting their sources in Khwe and Ju, two so-called Khoisan languages. Many of the words with clicks in Gciriku, including those in native Bantu vocabulary, are shared with Kwangali, Mbukushu, and Fwe.[3]

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Mid Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Open Шаблон:IPAlink

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-
dental
Dental Alveolar Postalveolar/
Palatal
Velar Glottal
Click voiceless Шаблон:IPA link
voiced Шаблон:IPA link
prenasal vl. Шаблон:IPA link
prenasal vd. Шаблон:IPA link
prenasal asp. Шаблон:IPA link
Nasal Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPA link
Stop/
Affricate
voiceless Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
voiced Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
prenasal vl. Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
prenasal vd. Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Fricative voiceless Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
voiced Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPA link
prenasal vl. Шаблон:IPA link
prenasal vd. Шаблон:IPA link
Trill Шаблон:IPA link
Approximant Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
  • Click sounds are mainly dental [ǀ], but may also have various articulation points [ǁ], [ǃ].
  • Most consonant sounds are also palatalized [ʲ] or labialized [ʷ], when before glide sounds /j, w/.
  • /ɡ/ may be heard as a fricative [χ] in Afrikaans loanwords.[4]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Languages of Angola Шаблон:Languages of Namibia Шаблон:Languages of Botswana Шаблон:Narrow Bantu languages

Шаблон:Authority control

  1. Шаблон:Cite web
  2. Nordic journal of African studies, Volume 12, 2003
  3. Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. Шаблон:Cite book