Английская Википедия:Dean and Chapter of Westminster

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Файл:Herbert Railton The Chapter-House A Brief Account of Westminster Abbey 1894.jpg
The Chapter House at Westminster Abbey

The Dean and Chapter of Westminster are the ecclesiastical governing body of Westminster Abbey, a collegiate church of the Church of England and royal peculiar in Westminster, Greater London. They consist of the dean and several canons meeting in chapter and are also (less frequently) known as the Dean and Canons of Westminster.

Foundation

The first college of canons was established by letters patent on 17 December 1540 by Henry VIII. Under the Bishop of Westminster of the newly created Diocese of Westminster, there was a dean and 12 canons, six of whom were former monks of the abbey. They survived the dissolution of the diocese in 1550, becoming a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556 when the college was dissolved by Mary I. The second college of canons was established on 21 May 1560 by Elizabeth I, this time as a royal peculiar.[1] From 16 November 1645 the dean and canons were dispersed, and a committee of the Lords and Commons from the Long Parliament governed. The dean and canons were restored on the Restoration in 1660.

Current chapter

As of 29 September 2022:[2]

Dean of Westminster
David Hoyle Dean of Westminster (since 16 November 2019)
Canons Residentiary of Westminster
David Stanton Шаблон:Unbulleted list
Anthony Ball Шаблон:Unbulleted list
Jamie Hawkey Шаблон:Unbulleted list
Tricia Hillas Шаблон:Unbulleted list
Minor Canons[NB 1]
Mark Birch Шаблон:Unbulleted list
Robert Latham Minor Canon and Sacrist (since 19 September 2021)[3]
vacant Minor Canon and Chaplain
Receiver General[NB 2]
Paul Baumann Receiver General and Chapter Clerk
(since 24 November 2018 installation)[4]
  1. The Minor Canons do not form part of the Chapter, but are nonetheless full-time clergy of the abbey.
  2. The Receiver General is a lay member of the abbey, and the clerk to the Dean and Chapter.

Roles within the chapter

Шаблон:See also Today, the roles divided between the canons residentiary generally include: the sub-dean, who is second to the dean; the canon treasurer; the canon steward, who is responsible for the welcoming of visitors; canon theologian; the canon almoner; the Archdeacon of Westminster; and the rector of St Margaret's. Between and among the chapter of canons, roles can be and are reshuffled as desired. The minor canons are the precentor, the sacrist and, since 2016, the Abbey chaplain (not to be confused with the Speaker's Chaplain). Historically, other roles have included the Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons ("Speaker's Chaplain" or "Chaplain to the Commons"), the Headmaster of Westminster School and the rector of St John's, Smith Square (also called St John the Evangelist, Westminster.)

List of canons

First foundation (cathedral, 1540–1556)

The first a canon of each stall was appointed by Henry VIII in the foundation charter dated 17 December 1540.[5] Eight canons were deprived of their prebends by Mary I on 30 March 1554 and one resigned shortly after; only three remained in post. (See also: Marian exiles.) Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break Canons of the 1st Prebend

Canons of the 2nd Prebend

Canons of the 3rd Prebend

Canons of the 4th Prebend

Canons of the 5th Prebend

Canons of the 6th Prebend

Шаблон:Col-break Canons of the 7th Prebend

Canons of the 8th Prebend

Canons of the 9th Prebend

Canons of the 10th Prebend

Canons of the 11th Prebend

Canons of the 12th Prebend

Шаблон:Col-end

The first secular chapter was abolished on 26 September 1556.

Second Foundation (Royal Peculiar, 1560–1660)

Twelve canons were appointed (or re-appointed) by Elizabeth I at the refoundation of the secular chapter, 21 May 1560.[6] Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break Canons of the 1st Prebend

Canons of the 2nd Prebend

Canons of the 3rd Prebend

Canons of the 4th Prebend

Canons of the 5th Prebend

Canons of the 6th Prebend

Шаблон:Col-break Canons of the 7th Prebend

Canons of the 8th Prebend

Canons of the 9th Prebend

Canons of the 10th Prebend

Canons of the 11th Prebend

Canons of the 12th Prebend

Шаблон:Col-end

Second Foundation (Royal Peculiar, since 1660)

The prebendaries admitted since the Restoration in 1660 have had no fixed stalls to their prebends, but upon any vacancy the new prebendary was installed in the lowest stall on the side where the vacancy happened, and not in the stall of him who died, or was promoted.[7] Since all but four (5th, 6th, 8th & 11th) prebends were vacant before 1660, it is not possible to assert that any particular succession of canons relates to any previous prebend except for those four.

A prebend at Westminster was highly sought after by the ecclesiastical establishment. The value of the prebend helped to enrich the salaries of some of the poorer bishops, who retained their prebends at Westminster whilst in office. Other distinguishing features of the Westminster chapter were the close links with Westminster School – thirteen headmasters were canons – and eleven members of the peerage or baronetage were members of the chapter at various times.

The Ecclesiastical Commissioners reports in 1835 and 1836 (as enacted in the statute 3 & 4 Queen Victoria c. 113) called for a reduction in the number of canons from twelve to six. Two of the remaining prebends were united with the rectories of St Margaret's, Westminster and St John's, Smith Square (which had already been held by a canon of no particular prebend for quite some time). The number of prebends was reduced further from six to five in 1890 on the resignation of Brooke Foss Westcott and from five to four in 1941 on the resignation of Russell Barry (rector of St John's).

Canons are listed here by succession, rather than by chronological order of appointment. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break Canons in the succession of John Doughty

Canons in the succession of Walter Jones

Canonry suspended since 1890.

Canons in the succession of Henry Killigrew

Killigrew had previously been appointed, without effect, to the 12th prebend.
No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of Richard Busby

No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of John Sudbury

No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of James Lamb

From Jennings onwards, the canons in Lamb's stall were ex officio rectors of St John's, Smith Square.
Canonry suspended since 1941; St John's parish united to St Stephen's, Rochester Row on 24 November 1950.[44]

Canons in the succession of David Mitchel

Файл:Thomas Rowsell 001.jpg
Thomas Rowsell

Шаблон:Col-break

Canons in the succession of Francis Walsall

Vacancy of 2 years.
  • 7 November 1838 – 7 July 1859 (d.): Temple Frere, Speaker's Chaplain
No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of Herbert Thorndike

Thorndike was appointed in succession to Matthew Nicholas, canon formerly of the 5th prebend.
No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of Charles Gibbs

Gibbs was appointed in succession to Peter Heylin, canon formerly of the 6th prebend.
No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of Robert South

South was appointed in succession to Benjamin Lany, formerly a canon of the 8th prebend.

Canons in the succession of George Stradling

Stradling was appointed in succession to William Haywood, canon formerly of the 11th prebend.
In 1836 (during Milman's tenure), the canons in succession to Stradling were made ex officio rectors of St Margaret's, Westminster (then a parish in the Diocese of London).
The arrangement whereby the canon in this succession was also Rector of St Margaret's appears to have ended in 1978, when Charles was appointed in succession to Edwards but not made Rector; the parish had been broken up and dissolved and the church returned to the Abbey's care by the Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret Westminster Act 1972.

Шаблон:Col-end

Notes


References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

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Шаблон:Col-end Шаблон:Westminster Abbey

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