Английская Википедия:Debre Dammo
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox settlement
Debre Dammo (Шаблон:Lang-ti),The monastery is known as Däbrä Dammo (with the geminated -mm-) in Tigrinya, and as Däbrä Damo in later Amharic appellations.[1] also spelled Debre Damo, Dabra Dāmmo or Däbrä Dammo), is the name of a flat-topped mountain, or amba, and a 6th-century monastery in Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The mountain is a steeply rising plateau of trapezoidal shape, about Шаблон:Cvt in dimension. It sits at an elevation of Шаблон:Cvt above sea level. It is north of Bizet, and north-west of Adigrat, in the Mehakelegnaw Zone of the Tigray Region, close to the border with Eritrea.
The mountain hosted a monastery, accessible only by rope up a sheer cliff, Шаблон:Cvt high, is known for its collection of manuscripts and for having the earliest existing church building in Ethiopia that is still in its original style, and only men can visit it. Tradition claims that the monastery was founded in the 6th century by Abuna Aregawi.Шаблон:Citation needed
Part of the monastery was destroyed during the Tigray War, prior to 14 February 2021.[2]
Monastery
Шаблон:Infobox monastery The monastery received its first archeological examination by E. Litton, who led a German expedition to northern Ethiopia in the early 20th century. By the time that David Buxton saw the ancient church in the mid-1940s, he found it "on the point of collapse".[3] A few years later, an English architect, DH Matthews, assisted in the restoration of the building, which included the rebuilding of one of its wood and stone walls (a characteristic style of Aksumite architecture).[4]
Thomas Pakenham, who visited the church in 1955, records a tradition that Debre Dammo had also once been a royal prison for heirs to the Emperor of Ethiopia, like the better-known Wehni and Amba Geshen.[5] The exterior walls of the church were built of alternating courses of limestone blocks and wood, "fitted with the projecting stumps that Ethiopians call 'monkey heads'". Once inside, Pakenham was in awe of what he saw: Шаблон:Cquote
Destruction
On 14 and 15 February 2021 during the Tigray War, Europe External Programme with Africa (EEPA) reported that the monastery had been looted and partly destroyed by the Eritrean Defence Forces. The monastery was first bombed then six EDF soldiers climbed to the plateau of the monastery, killed one monk and looted for manuscripts and treasures. Twelve buildings were described as "completely destroyed".[2][6]
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Debre Dammo amba
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The way up to the monastery
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The main church of Debre Dammo
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Interior of the main church
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Debre Dammo Monastery, seen from a different angle.
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Bell tower
References
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокEEPA84_15Feb2021не указан текст - ↑ David Buxton, Travels in Ethiopia, second edition (London: Benn, 1957), p. 126
- ↑ David Buxton, The Abyssinians (New York: Praeger, 1970), pp. 97ff
- ↑ Thomas Pakenham, The Mountains of Rasselas (New York: Reynal & Co., 1959), pp. 79-86
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокEEPA85_16Feb2021не указан текст
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