Английская Википедия:December 1923

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Events by month Шаблон:Calendar

Файл:Diga gleno1.jpg
December 1, 1923: Collapse of Italy's Gleno Dam destroys two villages, kills 356 people
Файл:LZ 114.jpg
December 21, 1923: Midair explosion kills all 50 crew on French Navy dirigible Dixmude

The following events occurred in December 1923:

December 1, 1923 (Saturday)

Файл:Gleno 1.jpg
The ruins of the Gleno Dam in 2019 [1]

December 2, 1923 (Sunday)

December 3, 1923 (Monday)

Файл:The Darling of New York (1923) - 6.jpg
Baby Peggy

December 4, 1923 (Tuesday)

Файл:Pharaoh's chariots in The Ten Commandments (2).jpg
Portions of The Ten Commandments were in Technicolor
  • The Cecil B. DeMille-directed epic film The Ten Commandments, the most popular movie of 1924, premiered at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood. One critic closed his review by saying, "'The Ten Commandments' is a picture that you cannot, by any stretch of the imagination, afford to miss. It offers splendors of photography and theatrical wonders hitherto unrevealed. It is, in fact, the greatest masterpiece, thus far, of pictoral artistry— and it has a lot to offer besides."[8] Unlike DeMille's 1956 remake, the 1923 version had two parts, with a 50-minute prologue that recounted the events of the Book of Exodus before moving forward in time to the present (in the year 1923) for the remaining 85 minutes to show the different approaches to the ten commandments by members of the McTavish family.[9]
  • Born:
  • Died:

December 5, 1923 (Wednesday)

  • An insurrection began in Mexico as officers in five states — Veracruz, San Luis Potosí, Chihuahua, Michoacán and Tamaulipas — ousted the federal officials and installed their own replacements. General Guadalupe Sanchez and several other officers sent a message to President Álvaro Obregón declaring that "to contribute with our military honor to the conservation of peace and respect for the free will of the people, and to prevent the odious impositions which aim at destroying in its cradle our democratic form of government, we have resolved to assume the defense of the institutions offended so seriously by the government you represent."[10][11] The rebellion was nominally led by Adolfo de la Huerta, but the rebels had little in common with each other besides opposition to Obregón.[12]
  • Six days before the conclusion of his term, Governor Edwin P. Morrow of the U.S. state of Kentucky commuted the death sentence of convicted murderer Steve McQueen, who had been a juvenile at the time of the crime. Pleas had been made to the governor's office from around the U.S. and Morrow said that he "heard the voice of God" in the requests.[13]
  • All 18 crew on the cargo steamboat T.W. Lake died when the ship sank off Lopez Island in northern Washington state.[14][15]
  • Born:
  • Died: William Mackenzie, 74, Canadian railway entrepreneur

December 6, 1923 (Thursday)

December 7, 1923 (Friday)

December 8, 1923 (Saturday)

December 9, 1923 (Sunday)

December 10, 1923 (Monday)

December 11, 1923 (Tuesday)

December 12, 1923 (Wednesday)

December 13, 1923 (Thursday)

December 14, 1923 (Friday)

December 15, 1923 (Saturday)

Файл:Cesare Maria De Vecchi1.jpg
Commandant-General De Vecchi

December 16, 1923 (Sunday)

December 17, 1923 (Monday)

December 18, 1923 (Tuesday)

  • Farmer James D. Cummings and draftsman J. Earl McLeod, both of Washington, Kansas, filed the patent application for their invention, the bulldozer. U.S. Patent No. 1,522,378 would be granted on January 6, 1925.[51] In the patent application, they wrote "Our invention is an attachment for tractors by the use of which the surface of the ground may be easily brought into a level condition. The device is intended more particularly for filling ditches in which pipe lines have been laid but is capable of use as a grader and for other purposes."
  • The Tangier Protocol was signed in Paris by representatives of France, Spain and the United Kingdom, creating the Tangier International Zone in Morocco.[52] The Zone would be abolished in 1956 upon the independence of Morocco.
  • Andrew Volstead told a law enforcement conference in Minnesota that the American people were giving up their opposition to Prohibition and that the act bearing his name would never be amended or repealed.[53]
  • Born: British Army Field Marshal Edwin Bramall, Chief of the Defence Staff 1982–1985; in Tonbridge, Kent (d. 2019)

December 19, 1923 (Wednesday)

December 20, 1923 (Thursday)

December 21, 1923 (Friday)

  • The French airship Dixmude exploded and crashed into the Mediterranean during a thunderstorm. All 50 on board were killed in the worst air disaster in history to that point.[59] The dirigible's fate was not immediately known at the time.[60] One body, identified as lieutenant commander Du Plessis de Grenandan on the Dixmude, was found on December 26.[61]
  • The Nepal–Britain Treaty was signed at the Singha Durbar, Nepal's royal palace in Kathmandu, by British envoy W. F. T. O'Connor on behalf of King George V of the United Kingdom, and Nepal's Prime Minister, Field Marshal Chandra Shumsher, on behalf of King Tribhuvan. The British Empire acknowledged Nepal's right to conduct its own foreign and domestic affairs.[62]
  • Mexico's federal army, commanded by General Eugenio Martinez, recaptured the city of Puebla from the De la Huerta rebels.[63] The government estimated that it lost 150 federales, while more than 2,000 rebels had been killed in battle and another 2,000 taken prisoner.[64]
  • Charles G. Dawes was named head of the commission to investigate Germany's capacity to pay war reparations.[65]
  • Born:
  • Died: Frank I. Cobb, 54, American editor of the New York World since 1904, died of cancer.

December 22, 1923 (Saturday)

December 23, 1923 (Sunday)

December 24, 1923 (Monday)

  • The economic feasibility of rural electrification in the United States was demonstrated in a joint project of the University of Minnesota and the Northern States Power Company as nine farms in Goodhue County, Minnesota, received electricity for the first time.[69][70]
  • At Washington, D.C., the tradition of the National Christmas Tree was inaugurated in the U.S. at the conclusion of a 100-member choir from the city's First Congregational Church at the South Portico of the White House. At 5:00 in the evening, U.S. President Calvin Coolidge pressed a button and turned on 2,500 electric bulbs.[71]
  • In a Christmas message, German Chancellor Wilhelm Marx stated that the government was willing to "fulfill reparations to the limit of our capacity", but made an international appeal to "give us peace, take away the unfair sanctions and oppositions, and give us a chance to work and live and then Germany will save her finances and pay reparations accordingly."[72]
  • Born:
  • Died: Alexander Neverov (pen name for Alexander Skobelev), 37, Soviet Russian novelist known for his recently published Tashkent— The City of Bread (Tashkent— Gorod Chlebniy), died of heart failure

December 25, 1923 (Tuesday)

December 26, 1923 (Wednesday)

  • France's budget for 1924 showed a surplus of 568 million francs.[77]
  • Ships, planes and camel riders searched the Mediterranean and North African coastline looking for any trace of the Dixmude, though expectations of finding survivors were low.[78] On December 29, the search for more survivors halted and the French government began sending condolences to the families of the victims.[79]
  • A fire at one of the buildings of the Illinois State Hospital for the Insane in Chicago killed 14 patients and a nurse.[80]
  • Born: Victor Owusu, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, Attorney General of Ghana 1966-1969 and 1971–1972, Foreign Minister 1969–1971; in Agona, Gold Coast crown colony (d. 2000)
  • Died: Dietrich Eckart, 55, German journalist and early member of the Nazi Party, died of a heart attack

December 27, 1923 (Thursday)

Файл:Gustave Eiffel 1888 Nadar2.jpg
Gustave Eiffel

December 28, 1923 (Friday)

December 29, 1923 (Saturday)

Файл:Zworykin patent (1923).jpg
Zworykin's invention
  • Russian-born American engineer Vladimir K. Zworykin and Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company filed the first application for Zworykin's invention, "Television System". U.S. Patent No. 2,141,059 would be granted on December 20, 1938. His application stated "One of the objects of my invention is to provide a system for enabling a person to see distant moving objects or views by radio. Another object of my invention is to eliminate synchronizing devices heretofore employed in television systems. Still another object of my invention is to provide a system for broadcasting, from a central point, moving pictures, scenes from plays, or similar entertainments."[87]
  • The government of Germany agreed to pay the expenses incurred by France and Belgium for occupation of Germany's Ruhr area.[88]
  • The Italian steamship SS Mutlah and its crew of 40 disappeared after sending a distress call while sailing in the Mediterranean Sea.[89]
  • Britain and France clashed over the French collection of taxes on a mine in the Ruhr owned by British subjects.[90]
  • The Frank Lloyd-directed fantasy drama film Black Oxen, starring Corinne Griffith, Conway Tearle and Clara Bow, was released.Шаблон:Cn
  • Born:
  • Died: Johann Mayer, 37, German serial killer, was executed by guillotine at the Köln Prison

December 30, 1923 (Sunday)

December 31, 1923 (Monday)

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Events by month links

  1. attribution:Sharif Emam
  2. "300 Drown as Dike Bursts and Italian Towns Are Swept— Artificial Lake at Dezzo Pours Millions of Cubic Yards of Water Into Valleys", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 2, 1923, p.1
  3. "Six Hundred Perish as Floods Inundate Fifty Square Miles— Three Italian Villages Washed Away When Dam Bursts", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 3, 1923, p.1
  4. Шаблон:Cite web
  5. Шаблон:Cite news
  6. Шаблон:Cite book
  7. "Dr. Elmer Gates, Scientist, Dies", The Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY), December 4, 1923, p. 3
  8. "De Mille's Film Thrills— 'Ten Commandments,' Given Premiere at Hollywood, Declared Producer's Masterpiece", by Edwin Schallert, Los Angeles Times, December 5, 1923, p. II-1
  9. Шаблон:Cite book
  10. "Five Mexican States United in Open Revolt— Leading Generals, Meeting at Vera Cruz, Repudiate Obregon, Oust Federal Employees", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 7, 1923, p.1
  11. Шаблон:Cite book
  12. Шаблон:Cite book
  13. "'Voice of God' Leads to Pardoning of Slayer", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 6, 1923, p.1
  14. "Sixteen Believed Dead in Pacific Coast Gale; Fifteen Thought Drowned When Steamer Sinks During Storm", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 8, 1923, p.2
  15. Newell, Gordon R., ed., H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest, Superior Publishing Co., Seattle, WA (1966) p. 343.
  16. Шаблон:Cite book
  17. "Free Trade Wins by Early Count of British Vote— Liberals and Laborites Gain Over Conservatives; Lady Astor Is Elected Again at Plymouth", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 7, 1923, p.1
  18. "Conservatives Elect 259, Other Parties Total 343", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 8, 1923, p.3
  19. 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  20. Шаблон:Cite web
  21. "Tiverton. Close Finish. Will There Be A Scrutiny?"", Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette, December 8, 1923, p.3
  22. "Broadcast of Coolidge Message to Be Heard in All Parts of U.S.", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 6, 1923, p.1
  23. Шаблон:Cite web
  24. "Poincare Forces Electoral Reform— Chamber Passes Bill, 408 to 127, When Vote Is Made One of Confidence", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 7, 1923, p.1
  25. "Full Control Given to Marx Cabinet; Rule Minus Sanction of Reichstag Is Passed by Vote of 313 to 18", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 9, 1923, p.4
  26. 26,0 26,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  27. "Rebels Capture State Capital of Vera Cruz— Jalapa Falls After Siege, 200 Prisoners, Including the Governor, Taken", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 10, 1923, p. 1
  28. "10,000 Insurgents Converging Upon Mexican Capital", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 11, 1923, p. 1
  29. "Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights", U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany
  30. Шаблон:Cite book
  31. Шаблон:Cite news
  32. "Harich, Wolfgang, 9.12.1923 — 15.3.1995"
  33. "9 Die, 7 Hurt in Crash of N.Y. Central Flyer; 'Bill' Donovan Killed", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 10, 1923, p. 1
  34. Шаблон:Cite news
  35. 35,0 35,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  36. Шаблон:Cite news
  37. Marina Dundjerski, UCLA: The First Century (Third Millennium Publishing, 2011)
  38. Шаблон:Cite news
  39. Шаблон:Cite news
  40. Шаблон:Cite journal
  41. "U. S. Flier Drowned When Plane Falls— Lawrence Sperry, Aerial Pioneer, Meets Death in English Channel", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 14, 1923, p. 3
  42. "Quakes Wreck Towns, Kill Many in Colombia; Eighty-Five Dead Already Found in Ruins of Cumbal, Near the Ecuador Border", The New York Times, December 16, 1923, p. 2
  43. "29 Men Perish in Atlantic and Pacific Wrecks— Seamen Frozen to Death in Open Boat Before Arrival of Rescue Vessels Off Carolina", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 17, 1923, p. 1
  44. "Canton Bulldogs Take Professional Grid Title", Baltimore Sun, December 16, 1923, p. 2-1
  45. "Terrible results of battle with lone negro farmer", Easton (PA) Daily Free Press, December 15, 1923, p. 3
  46. "Greece Facing Dynastic Crisis; Radicals Gain— Republicans Claim Victory in Elections and Clamor for Deposition of King George", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 18, 1923, p.1
  47. Шаблон:Cite news
  48. "Pacific Wreck Costs Eleven Lives", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 17, 1923, p.8
  49. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Septieme Conference Generale des Poids et Measures (Gauthier-Villars, 1927) p. 67
  50. "La proclamation de l'unite syrienne", L'Illustration (January 24, 1925) p. 68
  51. U.S. Patent No. 1,522,378, "Attachment for tractors"
  52. Шаблон:Cite news
  53. Шаблон:Cite news
  54. Шаблон:Cite news
  55. "Memorial Sign to Political Prisoners Executed in the Savvatievsky Skete"
  56. "Bandit Chief Shot", The Chinese Students Monthly (March, 1924) p. 68
  57. Richard Traubner, Operetta: A Theatrical History (Routledge, 2003) pp. 269–280
  58. Шаблон:Cite web
  59. Шаблон:Cite book
  60. Шаблон:Cite news
  61. Шаблон:Cite news
  62. Percival Landon, Nepal (Constable and Company, Ltd., 1928) p. 151.
  63. "Rebels Driven Out of Puebla; Aim at Capital", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 23, 1923, p.1
  64. "Only 500 Escape When Puebla Falls", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 25, 1923, p.2
  65. Шаблон:Cite news
  66. Шаблон:Cite news
  67. Шаблон:Cite book
  68. Шаблон:Cite news
  69. Richard F. Hirsh, Powering American Farms: The Overlooked Origins of Rural Electrification (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2022)
  70. "Water Power and The Farm", inWater Resources magazine (December, 1924) p. 11
  71. "White House Carols and Brilliant Tree Usher Christmas", The Washington Post, December 25, 1923, p. 1
  72. Шаблон:Cite news
  73. The Best Plays of 1923–1924 (Dodd, Mead & Company, 1925) p. 374
  74. "Heinrich Valentin Erfle (1884-1923)", by Chris Picht, in Zeiss Historica (Spring 2000) p. 10
  75. U.S. Patent No. 1,478,704, Google Patents
  76. "Wendell Chino, 74, President of New Mexico tribe, is dead", The New York Times, November 9, 1998
  77. Шаблон:Cite news
  78. Шаблон:Cite news
  79. "France Ends Hope for Dixmude Crew— Government Sends Official Condolence to Dirigible's Victims", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 30, 1923, p.2
  80. "14 Maniacs Die with Nurse in Hospital Fire— Three Other Patients Missing in Illinois Pavilion Blaze; 500 Insane Saved", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 27, 1923, p.1
  81. "Assassin's Bullet Misses Prince on Way to Japan Diet— Regent Hirohito in Auto Is Fired on From the Street", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 29, 1923, p. 1
  82. Шаблон:Cite news
  83. Шаблон:Cite news
  84. "Eiffel Builder Dies in 92d Year— Noted Engineer Had Apartment Near Top of Lofty Building", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 29, 1923, p.3
  85. "Michael J. Owens Dead; His Inventions Revolutionized Methods of Bottle Making", The New York Times, December 28, 1923
  86. Шаблон:Cite book
  87. "U.S. Patent No. 2,141,059", Google Patents
  88. "Germany Accepts Humiliating Terms— Nationalists Rave as Reich Agrees to Apologize and Pay Ruhr Bill", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 31, 1923, p.3
  89. "Italian Ship With Crew of Forty is Lost", Vancouver Daily World, January 3, 1924, p. 1
  90. Шаблон:Cite news
  91. "4 Convicts Flee Atlanta Prison Through Tunnel", Philadelphia Inquirer, December 31, 1923, p.1
  92. Шаблон:Cite news
  93. 93,0 93,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  94. Шаблон:Cite news
  95. Шаблон:Cite news
  96. Шаблон:Cite web