Английская Википедия:Demaratus

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other people Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox royalty Шаблон:Location map+ Demaratus (Шаблон:Lang-el, Шаблон:Transliteration; Doric: Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transliteration) was a king of Sparta from around 515 BC to 491 BC. The 15th of the Eurypontid line, he was the first son born to his father, King Ariston.[1]

As king, Demaratus is known chiefly for his opposition to the co-ruling Spartan king, Cleomenes I. He later fled to Achaemenid Persia, where he was given asylum and land, and fought on the Persian side during the Second Persian invasion of Greece.

Early life

Demaratus, the son of King Ariston (r. Шаблон:Circa 550– Шаблон:Circa 515 BC), belonged to the Eurypontid dynasty, one of the two royal families of Sparta (the other being the Agiads). After Ariston had remained childless from his first two wives, he took the wife of Agetus, one of his friends. Less than 10 months later, Demaratus was born, but Ariston rejected his paternity before the ephors. He nonetheless changed his mind later and recognised Demaratus as his son, who succeeded him at his death around 515.[2]

Reign

When Cleomenes attempted to make Isagoras tyrant in Athens, Demaratus tried to frustrate the plans. In 491 BC, Aegina was one of the states that gave the symbols of submission (earth and water) to Persia. Athens at once appealed to Sparta to punish that act of medism, and Cleomenes I crossed over to the island to arrest those responsible. His first attempt was unsuccessful because of interference from Demaratus, who did his utmost to bring Cleomenes into disfavour at home.

In retaliation, Cleomenes urged Leotychidas II, a relative and personal enemy of Demaratus, to claim the throne on the grounds that the latter was really the son not of Ariston but of Agetus, his mother's first husband. Cleomenes bribed the Delphic oracle to pronounce in favour of Leotychidas, who became king in 491 BC.

After the deposition of Demaratus, Cleomenes visited the island of Aegina for a second time. Accompanied by his new colleague, Leotychides, he seized ten of the leading citizens and deposited them at Athens as hostages.

Demaratus and Xerxes

Файл:MYSIA, Teuthrania. Prokles. Dynast of Teuthrania and Halisarna, circa 400-399 BC.jpg
Coin of Prokles, brother and co-ruler of Eurysthenes, as Dynast of Teuthrania and Halisarna, and descendants of Demaratus, c. 400–399 BC. Teuthrania, Mysia. Laureate head of Apollo (left), head of Prokles (right) wearing Persian headdress.

On his abdication, Demaratus was forced to flee. He went to the court of Persian King Xerxes I, who gave him the cities of Teuthrania and Halisarna, around Pergamum, where his descendants Eurysthenes and Procles still ruled in the early 4th century BC.

Demaratus accompanied Xerxes I on his invasion of Greece in 480 BC and is alleged to have warned Xerxes not to underestimate the Spartans before the Battle of Thermopylae: Шаблон:Cquote

Xerxes also asked Demaratus about his knowledge of the Greeks and if they would put up a fight against the Persian army. In response, Demaratus spoke favourably about the Greeks even after he had been deposed and exiled from Sparta:[1]

Шаблон:Cquote

Greek exiles in Achaemenid Empire

Demaratus was one of several Greeks aristocrats who took refuge in the Achaemenid Empire after reversals at home. Other famous cases were Themistocles and Gongylos.[3] In general, they were generously rewarded by the Achaemenid kings, received land grants to support them and ruled over various cities in Asia Minor.[3]

Demaratus's family continued to flourish in Asia as subjects of the Persians, and several of his descendants have been identified. One of them was likely Demaratus, the son of Gorgion, who was restored to Sparta in the early 3rd century BC[4] and was in turn the putative great-grandfather of Nabis, the last king of Sparta (ruled 207–192).[5]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:S-end Шаблон:Kings of Sparta Шаблон:Achaemenid rulers Шаблон:Ancient Olympic winners

  1. 1,0 1,1 Herodotus. The Landmark Herodotus: the Histories. New York: Pantheon Books, 2007., 6.64, 452
  2. Griffith-Williams, "The Succession", p. 45.
  3. 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. Cartledge, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, pp. 27, 28.
  5. Cartledge, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, pp. 61, 62.