Английская Википедия:Demetrios Angelos Doukas

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Шаблон:Infobox monarch Demetrios Angelos Doukas (Шаблон:Lang-gr), was ruler of Thessalonica with the title of Despot as a vassal of the Empire of Nicaea from 1244 until his deposition in 1246.

Origin

Born Шаблон:Circa, Demetrios was the younger son of Theodore Komnenos Doukas and Maria Petraliphaina.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As such he was a great-great-grandson of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (Шаблон:Reign) and Empress Irene Doukaina, and first cousin once removed of the emperors Isaac II Angelos (Шаблон:Reign) and Alexios III Angelos (Шаблон:Reign), sharing descent from Constantine Angelos, the founder of the Angelos lineage.Шаблон:Sfn Unlike his father and most of his relatives, who eschewed the surname of "Angelos" due to the disastrous reigns of the Angelid emperors, and preferred to use the more prestigious surnames of "Doukas" or "Komnenos",Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Demetrios used the name "Angelos Doukas" (Ἀγγελοδούκας) in a manuscript notice dated 25 September 1244.Шаблон:Sfn

Background

His father Theodore ruled over the Byzantine successor state of Epirus since 1215, and after the conquest of the Latin Kingdom of Thessalonica in 1224, had founded the Empire of Thessalonica, in rivalry with the other major Byzantine successor state, the Empire of Nicaea in western Asia Minor.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn By 1230, he seemed poised to recover Constantinople from the Latin Empire and thus restore the Byzantine Empire, but in that year he was defeated and captured at the Battle of Klokotnitsa by Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria, and was blinded after being implicated in a plot against Ivan Asen.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In the aftermath of Klokotnitsa, Theodore's empire collapsed: within a few months most of Thrace, Macedonia, and Albania, fell under Bulgarian rule.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Theodore's brother Manuel, who managed to escape from Klokotnitsa, now took over the throne in Thessalonica, ruling over a much-reduced domain as a vassal of the Bulgarian ruler.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn When his sister Irene married Ivan Asen in 1237, Theodore was released from captivity. Theodore made his way back to Thessalonica and overthrew Manuel, but as he was blind, he installed his oldest son John as emperor. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1244, however, the Nicaean emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes campaigned against Thessalonica, and forced John to recognize his suzerainty and renounce his imperial title, receiving the title of Despot instead.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Rule of Thessalonica

Theodore himself retired to Vodena, from where he supervised the affairs of state. On John's death in 1244 Demetrios succeeded his brother as ruler of Thessalonica (sometime before 25 September 1244). An embassy was to Nicaea to announce the succession, as befitted the terms of vassalage agreed in 1242, and Vatatzes confirmed the succession and awarded the title of Despot to Demetrios.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Young and dissolute, Demetrios inspired little loyalty among the leading families of Thessalonica,Шаблон:Sfn who began plotting against him and viewing a takeover by Nicaea as a preferable alternative—particularly as by this time Nicaea had clearly emerged as the most powerful and credible of the Byzantine successor states.Шаблон:Sfn

The Nicaean position improved further in 1246, when Vatatzes once more campaigned in Europe. In a three-month campaign he wrested much of Thrace as well as most of Macedonia from Bulgaria, which now became his vassal.Шаблон:Sfn At Melenikon, Vatatzes was met by an envoy of the Thessalonian conspirators, who promised to overthrow Demetrios and deliver the city to him, in exchange for a guarantee of their privileges, conditions that Vatatzes readily ranted.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Vatatzes then called upon Demetrios to come before him and demonstrate his loyalty and submission, but the latter refused; Demetrios hd become suspicious of some of the conspirators, but they were able to dispel his concerns.Шаблон:Sfn

When Vatatzes appeared before the city, Demetrios again refused to come out and pay homage to his suzerain, but a few days later Nicaean supporters inside the city opened a gate and let the Nicaean army in. In terror, Demetrios fled to the citadel, but was persuaded to yield by his sister Irene, who had presented herself before Vatatzes and secured clemency for her brother.Шаблон:Sfn Thessalonica was incorporated into the Nicaean state, with Andronikos Palaiologos as its governor.Шаблон:Sfn Demetrios was sent into exile to the fortress of Lentiana in Bithynia, where he probably died at an unknown date.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn His father Theodore, isolated and without power in his refuge at Vodena, apparently remained uninvolved in these events.Шаблон:Sfn

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:The Late Medieval Balkans
• Шаблон:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών