Английская Википедия:Demetrius I of Georgia

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox royalty Demetrius I (Шаблон:Lang-ka) (Шаблон:Circa 1093 – 1156), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was King (mepe) of Georgia from 1125 to 1156. He is also known as a poet. He was King of Georgian kingdom two times, first in 1125 to 1154 and second in 1155 before his death in 1156. King Demetrius I struggled tirelessly to protect the inheritance he had received from his father he guarded Georgia’s borders and fought to enlarge its frontiers. Many regions, including Hereti, Somkhiti, Tashiri, Javakheti, Artaani and Tao were repopulated during King Demetrius ’s reign.

Early life

Demetrius was the eldest son of king David the Builder by his first wife Rusudan. He was brought up in Kutaisi

King David proclaimed his son co-ruler of Georgia and crowned him with his own hands. He declared that his son Demetrius, through his wisdom, chastity, bravery, and handsome appearance, would rule Georgia better than he himself had. Demetrius acquired great glory while his father was still alive.

In 1117 Davit sent him to Shirvan to fight, and the young commander astonished the people with his deftness in battle. Demetrius seized Kaladzori Castle (later Alberd, now Ağdaş) and returned home with many captives and much wealth.Шаблон:Sfn

Demetrius succeeded on his father's death on January 24, 1125.

Reign

In 1125 Demetrius attacked Dmanisi. Armenian historian Vardan tells us that Demetrius recaptured Khunan, but lost it again after a while. Finally, he recaptured Khunan in 1128, and Dmanisi a little later.

In 1125 Manuchihr regained control over western Shirvan. In 1126, the Muslim population of Shirvan revolted through the Seljuk Sultan. In 1129-30, Shirvan was again divided into two parts, the Christian part joined Georgia directly and the border passed at Tetritskal, while Manuchihr was appointed as the emir of eastern Shirvan and recognized Georgia's vassalage.

In 1130, Georgia was attacked by the Sultan of Ahlat, Shah-Armen Sökmen II (Шаблон:Circa 1128–1183). This war was started by the passage of Ani into the hands of the Georgians; Demetrius I had to compromise and give up Ani to the Shaddadid emir Fadl ibn Mahmud on terms of vassalage and inviolability of the Christian churches.

According to the Armenian historian Vardan, In 1130, his half-brother Vakhtang rebelled against the king. He was supported by great feudal lord Ivane Abuletisdze, tried to overthrow Demetrius from the throne but the king captured and punished the conspirators and blinded Vakhtang.

In 1138 or 1139, Demetrius raided the city of Ganja in Arran. He brought the iron gate of the defeated city to Georgia and donated it to Gelati Monastery at Kutaisi. Despite this brilliant victory, Demetrius could hold Ganja only for a few years. In reply to this, the sultan of the Eldiguzids attacked Ganja several times, and in 1143 the town again fell to the sultan. According to Mkhitar Gosh, Demetrius ultimately gained possession of Ganja, but, when he gave his daughter in marriage to the sultan, he presented the latter with the town as dowry, and the sultan appointed his own emir to rule it. Thus, Ganja once again fell into the hands of the Eldiguzids.

In 1150, Demetrius' son David V rebelled. Demetrius punished the conspirators, but did not punish his son.

Fadl's successor, Fakr al-Din Shaddad, a Shaddadid emir of Ani asked for Saltuk's daughter's hand, however Saltuk refused him. This caused a deep hatred in Shaddad towards Saltuk. In 1154 he planned a plot and formed a secret alliance with Demetrius. While a Georgian army waited in ambush, he offered tribute to Saltukids, ruler of Erzerum and asked the latter to accept him as a vassal. In 1153–1154, Emir Saltuk II marched on Ani, but Shaddad informed his suzerain, the King of Georgia, of this. Demetrius marched to Ani, defeated and captured the emir. At the request of neighbouring Muslim rulers and released him for a ransom of 100,000 dinars, paid by Saltuk's sons in law and Saltuk swore not to fight against the Georgians he returned home.

In 1154, David V, Demetrius's elder son forced his father to abdicate and become a monk in the David Gareja monastery, where he received the monastic name Damian (Damianus).

While laboring at David Gareji Monastery, Demetrius composed many great hymns for the Church. His hymn to the Theotokos, “Thou Art the Vineyard,” is outstanding among these works. In order to protect the interests of the Georgian kingdom. However, David died six months later and King Demetrius was restored to the throne. Demetrius did not remain as ruler however. He crowned his younger son, Giorgi, as co-ruler, and retired to David Gareja for good, where he wrote hymns until his death.

Although Demetrius was not as successful as his father David the Builder, Georgia remained a strong feudal power with a well-organized military and political system and a developed cultural and economical life.

He died in 1156 and was buried at Gelati Monastery.

He is regarded as a saint in the Orthodox Church and his feast day is celebrated on May 23 on the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar.

Marriage and children

The name of Demetrius's wife is unknown, but he had several children:

• David V, 7th king of Georgia;
• George III, 8th king of Georgia, who succeeded him;
• Rusudan, married firstly with Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud in 1143 and secondly with Sultan Ahmad Sanjar, married thirdly with Sultan Suleiman-Shah;
• An unnamed daughter who married Emir Abu al-Muzaffar of Derbent in Шаблон:Circa 1130;
• An unnamed daughter, who married Prince Iziaslav II of Kiev in 1154;

Poems

King Demetrius I was an author of several poems, mainly on religious themes. Shen Khar Venakhi (Шаблон:Lang-ka, Шаблон:Lang-en), a hymn to the Virgin Mary, is the most famous of them.

See also

• Family of David IV of Georgia
• List of Georgian Kings
  • Georgian monarchs family tree

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Listen to the hymn “Thou Art the Vineyard”
• St Damiane (Demetrius) the King and Hymnographer Orthodox synaxarion