Английская Википедия:Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975)

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox former country Шаблон:History of East Timor The Democratic Republic of East Timor (Шаблон:Lang-pt, Шаблон:Lang-tet), was a state that was unilaterally proclaimed on the territory of present-day East Timor on 28 November 1975 prior to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor nine days later on 7 December 1975.

History

Declaration of independence

Шаблон:Main East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the mid-16th century and administered as Portuguese Timor. After the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Portugal, a decolonisation process was initiated which was to have led to the formation of an elected Constituent Assembly in 1976. Three new parties emerged at this time; the Timorese Democratic Union which advocated continued association with Portugal, Fretilin which supported independence and Apodeti who supported integration into Indonesia.[1] In local elections held on 13 March 1975, Fretilin and UDT emerged as the largest parties, having previously formed an alliance to campaign for independence.

On 11 August 1975, the UDT attempted a coup, in a bid to halt the increasing popularity of Fretilin. Portuguese Governor Mário Lemos Pires fled to the offshore island of Atauro, north of the capital, Dili, from where he later attempted to broker an agreement between the two sides.

On 28 November 1975, Fretilin made a unilateral declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of East Timor with Francisco Xavier do Amaral as president and Nicolau dos Reis Lobato as prime minister. This act was not recognised by either Portugal or Indonesia.[2][3][4]

On 30 November 1975, Fretilin caused a "Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (RDTL)" to be read out at an inauguration ceremony for Amaral as the newly appointed president.[5]Шаблон:Rp Article 40 of the new constitution provided for the establishment of a Council of Ministers. On 1 December 1975, Fretilin established that body.[5]Шаблон:Rp

Indonesian invasion

Шаблон:Main In response, on 30 November 1975, Indonesia encouraged leaders of the UDT, Apodeti, and other smaller parties to sign the Balibo Declaration calling for integration of East Timor into Indonesia.[6] On 7 December 1975, Indonesian forces launched a massive air and sea invasion, known as Operasi Seroja (Operation Lotus), citing the potential for a communist government, the need to develop the territory and national and regional security risks as reasons for its actions. Indonesian forces occupied the capital, Dili, within hours of launching the invasion during the Battle of Dili[7][8] and occupied the second largest city, Baucau, on 10 December, with Liquisa and Maubara being occupied in late December.[9]

Subsequent events

Шаблон:Main On 17 December an Indonesian supported Provisional Government of East Timor (Pemerintah Sementara Timor Timur (PSTT)) was formed which was led by Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo of Apodeti and Lopez da Cruz of the UDT.[10][11] A Regional Popular Assembly was established on 31 May 1976 [12] which subsequently adopted a resolution calling for the formal integration of East Timor into Indonesia.[13] On 17 July 1976, Indonesia formally annexed East Timor as the province of Timor Timur with Шаблон:Ill as its first governor.[14]

The United Nations did not recognise either the Democratic Republic of East Timor, proclaimed by Fretilin, or Indonesian sovereignty over East Timor and instead continued to recognise Portugal as the legal Administering Power as demonstrated by United Nations Security Council Resolution 384. This meant that in terms of international law Portuguese Timor nominally continued to exist. An agreement in 1999 between the governments of Portugal and Indonesia led to a referendum on 30 August 1999 in which a majority of the people of East Timor voted for independence. Following a transitional period of United Nations administration, East Timor became independent as the Democratic Republic of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

Text of the Declaration of Independence

Text

In Portuguese:[15] Шаблон:Blockquote

In English: Шаблон:Blockquote

Government

Following the declaration of independence a Council of Ministers was formed with Francisco Xavier do Amaral as President and Nicolau dos Reis Lobato as Prime Minister.

Presidents

Шаблон:Main

Шаблон:Abbr Portrait Name
Шаблон:Small 		Elected Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 1 Файл:Francisco Xavier do Amaral.jpg Francisco Xavier do Amaral
Шаблон:Small 		— 28 November 1975 7 December 1975 Шаблон:Ayd Fretilin
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 2 Файл:Stamp of Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (cropped).jpg Nicolau dos Reis Lobato
Шаблон:Small 		7 December 1975 31 December 1978 Шаблон:Ayd Fretilin

Prime Minister

Шаблон:Main

Шаблон:Abbr Portrait Name
Шаблон:Small 		Election Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 1 Файл:Stamp of Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (cropped).jpg Nicolau dos Reis Lobato
Шаблон:Small 		— 28 November 1975 7 December 1975 Шаблон:Ayd Fretilin

International relations

Diplomatic recognition

Following the declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of East Timor, the state received diplomatic recognition form six mainly socialist states, most of them former Portuguese colonies.

The states that recognised the Democratic Republic of East Timor were as follows:[2][3][16]

Diplomatic representation

The Democratic Republic of East Timor maintained a liaison office in New York located at Appartment 608, 310 East 44th Street.[17]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:East Timor topics

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Schwarz (2003), p. 204
  9. ↑ Dunn (1996), pp. 257–60.
  10. ↑ Schwarz (1994), p. 204.; Indonesia (1977), p. 39.
  11. ↑ Taylor (1990), p. 9; Kohen and Taylor, p. 43; Budiardjo and Liong (1984), p. 15 and 96; Nevins, p. 54; Dunn (1996), p. 262; Jolliffe, p. 272. Budiardjo and Liong (1984) call it a "puppet government". Dunn comments: "In fact, the writer was told by Timorese officials who were in Dili at the time that the PGET had no separate existence or powers at all." Jolliffe notes a radio address from Fretilin leader Nicolau Lobato claiming that the PSTT had been sworn in on an Indonesian ship in Dili harbor.
  12. ↑ Indonesia (1977), pp. 43–44.
  13. ↑ Indonesia (1977), p. 44.
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ https://search.archives.un.org/uploads/r/united-nations-archives/5/d/e/5deb4357ccc4cb8edc400fabf3daacf7ce847f0984352a6a2d1adde490cf36f7/S-0443-0126-0002-00005.PDF
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Democratic_Republic_of_East_Timor_(1975)&oldid=14259882