Английская Википедия:Demographics of the European Union

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox place demographics

Файл:Earthlights 2002.jpg
The population density of the EU is 117 people per km2.
Файл:Eu cartogram.png
A cartogram depicting the population distribution between old EU-27 member states in 2008 (including the UK and excluding Croatia). 58% of all citizens of the EU live in the four largest member states: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain.
Файл:Skol Diwan Pariz.jpg
The fertility rate in the EU was 1.6 in 2014 (Kindergarten in France).

The demographics of the European Union show a highly populated, culturally diverse union of 27 member states. As of 1 January 2023, the population of the EU is slightly over 448 million people.[1]

Population by country

Шаблон:See The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 84.3 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.54 million. Birth rates in the EU are rather low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth-rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Spain has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.

The table below uses data from Eurostat.[2][3]

Шаблон:Sticky headerШаблон:Table alignment

Member State Population %
pop.		 Area
km2		 %
area		 Density
/km2
Шаблон:Flag 448,387,872 100% 4,225,134 100% 106
Шаблон:Flag 9,104,772 2.0% 83,878 2.0% 109
Шаблон:Flag 11,754,004 2.6% 30,667 0.7% 383
Шаблон:Flag 6,447,710 1.4% 110,996 2.6% 58
Шаблон:Flag 3,850,894 0.9% 56,594 1.3% 68
Шаблон:Flag 920,701 0.2% 9,253 0.2% 100
Шаблон:Flag 10,827,529 2.4% 78,871 1.9% 137
Шаблон:Flag 5,932,654 1.3% 42,925 1.0% 138
Шаблон:Flag 1,365,884 0.3% 45,336 1.1% 30
Шаблон:Flag 5,563,970 1.2% 338,411 8.0% 16
Шаблон:Flag 68,070,697 15.2% 638,475 15.1% 107
Шаблон:Flag 84,358,845 18.8% 357,569 8.5% 236
Шаблон:Flag 10,394,055 2.3% 131,694 3.1% 79
Шаблон:Flag 9,597,085 2.1% 93,012 2.2% 103
Шаблон:Flag 5,194,336 1.2% 69,947 1.7% 74
Шаблон:Flag 58,850,717 13.1% 302,079 7.1% 195
Шаблон:Flag 1,883,008 0.4% 64,586 1.5% 29
Шаблон:Flag 2,857,279 0.6% 65,284 1.5% 44
Шаблон:Flag 660,809 0.1% 2,595 0.1% 255
Шаблон:Flag 542,051 0.1% 316 0.01% 1715
Шаблон:Flag 17,811,291 4.0% 37,378 0.9% 477
Шаблон:Flag 36,753,736 8.2% 311,928 7.4% 118
Шаблон:Flag 10,467,366 2.3% 92,227 2.2% 113
Шаблон:Flag 19,051,562 4.2% 238,398 5.6% 80
Шаблон:Flag 5,428,792 1.2% 49,035 1.2% 111
Шаблон:Flag 2,116,792 0.5% 20,273 0.5% 104
Шаблон:Flag 48,059,777 10.7% 505,983 12.0% 95
Шаблон:Flag 10,521,556 2.3% 447,424 10.6% 24

Life expectancy

Шаблон:See also

Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in countries of the European Union in 2019 according to estimation of the World Health Organization:[4]

Шаблон:Mw-datatableШаблон:Sticky headerШаблон:Table alignmentШаблон:Static row numbers

Country Life expectancy at birth Шаблон:Abbr at birth Life expectancy at age 60 HALE at age 60
All Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr All M F FΔM Δ
2000 		All M F FΔM Δ
2000 		All M F FΔM Δ
2000
Шаблон:Flag 83.2 80.7 85.7 5.0 4.1 72.1 71.3 72.9 1.6 3.0 25.4 23.3 27.3 4.0 2.7 19.2 18.0 20.3 2.3 1.9 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 83.1 81.1 85.1 4.0 4.4 72.4 71.8 73.0 1.2 3.3 24.9 23.3 26.4 3.1 3.0 19.0 18.1 19.9 1.8 2.2 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 83.0 80.9 84.9 4.0 3.6 71.9 71.2 72.6 1.4 2.9 25.0 23.4 26.5 3.1 2.5 18.9 17.9 19.8 1.9 1.8 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 82.5 79.8 85.1 5.3 3.6 72.1 71.1 73.1 2.0 2.8 25.3 23.3 27.2 3.9 2.3 19.7 18.5 20.8 2.3 1.7 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 82.4 80.8 84.0 3.2 2.8 71.9 71.7 72.1 0.4 2.0 24.5 23.3 25.6 2.3 2.1 18.9 18.3 19.4 1.1 1.5 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 82.4 80.6 84.2 3.6 4.2 71.6 71.1 72.0 0.9 3.3 24.4 22.9 25.8 2.9 2.6 18.5 17.7 19.3 1.6 1.8 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.9 79.9 83.8 3.9 4.0 71.5 70.9 71.9 1.0 3.0 24.5 23.0 25.9 2.9 3.7 18.9 18.0 19.6 1.6 2.7 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.8 80.4 83.1 2.7 3.8 71.4 71.3 71.5 0.2 2.6 24.1 23.0 25.1 2.1 2.8 18.4 17.9 18.9 1.0 1.8 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.8 80.2 83.5 3.3 5.4 71.1 70.7 71.4 0.7 4.0 24.2 23.0 25.3 2.3 4.0 18.6 18.0 19.2 1.2 2.9 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.7 78.7 84.8 6.1 3.6 70.9 69.7 72.1 2.4 2.4 24.4 21.9 26.9 5.0 2.6 18.5 17.0 19.9 2.9 1.7 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.6 78.6 84.4 5.8 5.0 71.0 69.6 72.2 2.6 4.2 24.3 22.1 26.3 4.2 3.1 18.6 17.3 19.8 2.5 2.3 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.6 79.2 84.0 4.8 4.0 71.0 69.9 72.0 2.1 3.2 24.2 22.4 25.8 3.4 2.6 18.5 17.3 19.5 2.2 2.0 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.6 79.4 83.8 4.4 3.4 70.9 69.9 71.9 2.0 2.7 24.1 22.4 25.6 3.2 2.1 18.3 17.2 19.4 2.2 1.6 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.4 79.3 83.5 4.2 3.7 70.6 69.8 71.3 1.5 2.8 24.0 22.3 25.6 3.3 2.4 18.2 17.2 19.1 1.9 1.6 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.3 79.6 83.0 3.4 4.4 71.0 70.7 71.4 0.7 3.4 23.6 22.3 24.9 2.6 3.0 18.2 17.6 18.9 1.3 2.2 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.3 78.6 84.1 5.5 5.2 70.7 69.0 72.5 3.5 4.2 23.8 21.8 25.6 3.8 3.3 17.8 16.4 19.2 2.8 2.5 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.1 78.6 83.6 5.0 2.9 70.9 69.9 71.9 2.0 2.3 23.8 22.1 25.5 3.4 2.3 18.4 17.3 19.5 2.2 1.6 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 79.1 76.3 81.9 5.6 4.1 68.8 67.0 70.6 3.6 2.9 22.1 19.9 24.0 4.1 2.8 16.3 14.7 17.8 3.1 1.7 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 78.9 74.7 82.6 7.9 8.0 69.2 66.4 71.7 5.3 6.6 22.5 19.3 25.0 5.7 3.9 17.3 14.8 19.1 4.3 3.0 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 78.6 75.5 81.6 6.1 4.2 68.6 66.7 70.5 3.8 3.2 21.8 19.4 23.7 4.3 2.8 16.2 14.6 17.7 3.1 1.8 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 78.3 74.5 81.9 7.4 4.6 68.7 65.9 71.3 5.4 3.7 22.1 19.5 24.3 4.8 2.9 16.8 14.9 18.5 3.6 2.1 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 78.2 74.8 81.4 6.6 4.9 68.5 66.2 70.8 4.6 3.8 21.8 19.3 23.9 4.6 3.3 16.6 14.6 18.2 3.6 2.4 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 76.4 73.1 79.6 6.5 5.1 67.2 65.0 69.3 4.3 4.2 20.2 17.7 22.3 4.6 2.2 15.3 13.4 16.8 3.4 1.7 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 76.0 71.2 80.4 9.2 4.0 66.7 63.4 69.7 6.3 3.6 20.9 17.6 23.5 5.9 1.4 15.9 13.4 17.8 4.4 1.2 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 75.6 72.0 79.3 7.3 4.2 66.8 64.3 69.4 5.1 3.5 20.3 17.8 22.4 4.6 2.1 15.7 13.8 17.3 3.5 1.6 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 75.4 70.6 79.8 9.2 5.2 66.2 62.9 69.3 6.4 4.6 20.5 17.2 23.0 5.8 2.2 15.6 13.2 17.4 4.2 1.7 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 75.1 71.6 78.6 7.0 3.5 66.3 63.9 68.7 4.8 2.8 19.8 17.4 22.0 4.6 2.2 15.2 13.4 16.9 3.5 1.5 Шаблон:Flagicon
World 73.3 70.8 75.9 5.1 6.5 63.7 62.5 64.9 2.4 5.4 21.1 19.5 22.7 3.2 2.3 15.8 14.8 16.6 1.8 1.7

Life expectancy in countries of the European Union in 2021 according to estimation of the World Bank Group:[5][6][7]

Шаблон:Mw-datatableШаблон:Sticky headerШаблон:Table alignmentШаблон:Static row numbers

Country 2021 Historical data COVID-19 impact
All Male Female Шаблон:Abbr 2000 Шаблон:Tooltip 2014 2014
→2019 		2019 2019
→2020 		2020 2020
→2021 		2021 Шаблон:Tooltip 2014
→2021
Шаблон:Flag 83.18 80.30 86.20 5.90 78.97 4.26 83.23 0.60 83.83 −1.50 82.33 0.85 83.18 −0.65 −0.05 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 83.16 81.40 85.00 3.60 79.64 2.61 82.25 0.86 83.11 −0.75 82.36 0.80 83.16 0.05 0.90 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 82.86 81.30 84.50 3.20 78.35 3.70 82.05 0.81 82.86 −0.51 82.35 0.51 82.86 0.00 0.81 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 82.80 80.60 85.10 4.50 79.78 3.31 83.09 0.41 83.50 −1.30 82.20 0.60 82.80 −0.70 −0.30 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 82.75 80.70 84.90 4.20 77.87 4.36 82.23 0.41 82.64 −0.50 82.14 0.60 82.75 0.11 0.52 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 82.32 79.30 85.50 6.20 79.06 3.66 82.72 0.11 82.83 −0.65 82.18 0.15 82.32 −0.50 −0.40 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 82.10 80.20 84.10 3.90 76.54 4.81 81.35 1.35 82.70 −0.15 82.56 −0.45 82.10 −0.60 0.75 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.93 79.30 84.70 5.40 77.47 3.71 81.18 0.80 81.98 −0.05 81.93 0.00 81.93 −0.05 0.75 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.89 79.50 84.40 4.90 77.72 3.57 81.29 0.71 82.00 −1.30 80.70 1.20 81.89 −0.10 0.60 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.46 79.90 83.10 3.20 77.99 3.72 81.71 0.40 82.11 −0.75 81.36 0.10 81.46 −0.65 −0.25 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.40 79.60 83.30 3.70 76.59 4.11 80.70 0.75 81.45 0.15 81.60 −0.20 81.40 −0.05 0.70 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.24 78.80 83.80 5.00 78.13 3.36 81.49 0.40 81.90 −0.70 81.19 0.05 81.24 −0.66 −0.25 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.20 79.21 83.20 3.99 76.57 4.20 80.77 0.63 81.40 −0.01 81.39 −0.19 81.20 −0.19 0.43 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 81.07 78.00 84.30 6.30 76.31 4.81 81.12 0.55 81.68 −0.70 80.98 0.10 81.07 −0.60 −0.05 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 80.90 78.54 83.38 4.84 77.93 3.16 81.09 0.20 81.29 −0.25 81.04 −0.14 80.90 −0.39 −0.19 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 80.88 77.90 84.00 6.10 75.41 5.67 81.08 0.45 81.53 −1.00 80.53 0.34 80.88 −0.65 −0.20 Шаблон:Flagicon
European Union 80.39 77.66 83.27 5.61 77.08 3.80 80.87 0.44 81.31 −0.86 80.45 −0.06 80.39 −0.93 −0.48
Шаблон:Flag 80.18 77.50 83.00 5.50 77.89 3.50 81.39 0.25 81.64 −0.35 81.29 −1.10 80.18 −1.46 −1.20 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 77.37 74.30 80.60 6.30 74.97 3.86 78.82 0.40 79.23 −1.00 78.23 −0.85 77.37 −1.86 −1.45 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 76.74 72.40 81.30 8.90 70.42 6.62 77.03 1.61 78.65 −0.05 78.60 −1.85 76.74 −1.90 −0.29 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 76.42 73.40 79.60 6.20 72.81 4.67 77.48 0.95 78.42 −0.70 77.72 −1.30 76.42 −2.00 −1.05 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 75.60 71.70 79.70 8.00 73.75 3.85 77.60 0.30 77.90 −1.40 76.50 −0.90 75.60 −2.30 −2.00 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 74.71 71.30 78.30 7.00 73.05 3.76 76.81 0.85 77.67 −0.80 76.87 −2.15 74.71 −2.95 −2.10 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 74.47 71.10 78.00 6.90 71.25 4.52 75.76 0.56 76.32 −0.75 75.57 −1.10 74.47 −1.85 −1.30 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 74.34 69.90 79.00 9.10 72.02 2.50 74.52 1.77 76.28 −1.30 74.98 −0.64 74.34 −1.94 −0.18 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 73.28 68.60 78.20 9.60 70.31 3.81 74.12 1.26 75.39 −0.20 75.19 −1.90 73.28 −2.10 −0.84 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 72.96 69.40 76.70 7.30 71.16 3.75 74.91 0.70 75.61 −1.35 74.25 −1.29 72.96 −2.65 −1.95 Шаблон:Flagicon
Шаблон:Flag 71.51 68.10 75.10 7.00 71.66 2.80 74.47 0.65 75.11 −1.45 73.66 −2.14 71.51 −3.60 −2.95 Шаблон:Flagicon
World 71.33 68.89 73.95 5.06 67.70 4.18 71.88 1.10 72.98 −0.74 72.24 −0.92 71.33 −1.65 −0.55

Шаблон:Multiple image

Most populous areas

The European Union has a significant number of global cities. It contained 13 of the 60 cities which composed the 2008 Global Cities Index,[8] as well as 16 of the 41 "alpha" global cities classified by Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network (including Paris, Milan, Amsterdam and Brussels among others).[9] The following is a list of the ten most populous cities, urban areas and urban zones in the European Union, with their population:

Шаблон:Table alignment

City proper
(2021)
mill. 		Urban area
(2022)
mill. 		LUZ
(2016)
mill.
Шаблон:Flagicon Berlin 3.6 Шаблон:Flagicon Paris 11 Шаблон:Flagicon Paris 12.0
Шаблон:Flagicon Madrid 3.3 Шаблон:Flagicon Ruhr Area 6.2 Шаблон:Flagicon Madrid 6.4
Шаблон:Flagicon Rome 2.7 Шаблон:Flagicon Madrid 6.2 Шаблон:Flagicon Barcelona 5.4
Шаблон:Flagicon Bucharest 2.1 Шаблон:Flagicon Milan 5.4 Шаблон:Flagicon Ruhr Area 5.0
Шаблон:Flagicon Paris 2.1 Шаблон:Flagicon Barcelona 4.8 Шаблон:Flagicon Berlin 5.0
Шаблон:Flagicon Vienna 1.9 Шаблон:Flagicon Berlin 4 Шаблон:Flagicon Milan 4.3
Шаблон:Flagicon Hamburg 1.8 Шаблон:Flagicon Naples 3.6 Шаблон:Flagicon Naples 4.1
Шаблон:Flagicon Warsaw 1.8 Шаблон:Flagicon Athens 3.4 Шаблон:Flagicon Athens 3.9
Шаблон:Flagicon Budapest 1.7 Шаблон:Flagicon Rome 3.2 Шаблон:Flagicon Rome 3.7

Population shifts

Файл:EU 27 (from 2020) population pyramid in 2023 (2).svg
Population pyramid of the EU 27 in 2023

Шаблон:Sticky headerШаблон:Table alignment

Country Population
(2022)[10] 		%
growth
(2018)[11] 		%
Natural
change
(2018)[12] 		%
Net
migration
(2018)[11] 		Fertility
rate
(2018)[13]
Шаблон:Flag 446 828 803 1.6 -1.0 2.6 1.55
Шаблон:Flag 83 237 124 2.7 -2.0 4.8 1.57
Шаблон:Flag 67 824 582 1.4 2.2 -0.8 1.88
Шаблон:Flag 58 893 122 -2.1 -3.2 1.1 1.29
Шаблон:Flag 47 432 805 6.0 -1.2 7.1 1.26
Шаблон:Flag 37 654 247 -0.1 -0.7 0.6 1.46
Шаблон:Flag 19 038 098 -6.0 -3.1 -2.8 1.76
Шаблон:Flag 17 590 672 5.9 0.9 5.0 1.59
Шаблон:Flag 11 631 136 5.0 0.7 4.3 1.62
Шаблон:Flag 10 603 810 -1.5 -3.2 1.6 1.35
Шаблон:Flag 10 516 707 3.7 0.1 3.6 1.71
Шаблон:Flag 10 452 326 10.8 2.3 8.5 1.76
Шаблон:Flag 10 352 042 -1.4 -2.5 1.1 1.42
Шаблон:Flag 9 689 010 -0.6 -3.9 3.3 1.55
Шаблон:Flag 8 978 929 4.1 0.2 4.0 1.47
Шаблон:Flag 6 838 937 -7.1 -6.6 -0.5 1.56
Шаблон:Flag 5 873 420 4.3 1.1 3.2 1.73
Шаблон:Flag 5 548 241 0.9 -1.3 2.1 1.41
Шаблон:Flag 5 434 712 1.3 0.6 0.7 1.54
Шаблон:Flag 5 060 005 15.2 6.2 9.0 1.75
Шаблон:Flag 3 879 074 -7.1 -3.9 -3.3 1.47
Шаблон:Flag 2 805 998 -5.3 -4.1 -1.2 1.63
Шаблон:Flag 2 107 180 6.8 -0.4 7.2 1.60
Шаблон:Flag 1 875 757 -7.5 -4.9 -2.5 1.60
Шаблон:Flag 1 331 796 4.3 -1.0 5.3 1.67
Шаблон:Flag 904 705 13.4 4.1 9.3 1.32
Шаблон:Flag 645 397 19.6 3.2 16.3 1.38
Шаблон:Flag 520 971 36.8 1.6 35.3 1.23

Migration

The movement of people within the Union i.e. internal migration, remains limited; it has traditionally followed two patterns:

  • Younger workers from less economically developed regions and countries of the EU tend to move to more prosperous regions in their country or to EU countries with good economic prospects (i.e. Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Poland[14])
  • Retirees from wealthier places with colder weather (i.e. the Low Countries and Germany, among other places) tend to move to the sun belt in southern Europe – i.e. Spain, Portugal, Southern France, Italian peninsula, Croatia, and Greece.

Immigration and emigration

Шаблон:Further At present, more people immigrate into the European Union than emigrate from it. Immigration is a controversial issue in many member states, including Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, and France.[15][16] It was also a cited as a major factor in the Brexit referendum of 2016.

In 2010, 47.3 million people living in the EU, or 9.4% of the total population, had been born outside their resident country. Of these, 31.4 million (6.3%) had been born outside the EU; 16.0 million (3.2%) had been born in another member state. The largest absolute numbers of people born outside the EU were in Germany (6.4 million), France (5.1 million), Spain (4.1 million), Italy (3.2 million), and the Netherlands (1.4 million).[17]

In 2017, approximately 825,000 persons acquired citizenship of a member state of the European Union, down from 995,000 in 2016.[18] The largest groups were nationals of Morocco, Albania, India, Turkey and Pakistan.[19]

Spain in particular receives most of the immigrants coming illegally to Europe from Africa, probably due to its large coastal area and its proximity to and land borders with Morocco at Ceuta and Melilla; African immigrants try to enter the country by boat from Morocco or Senegal or by jumping the border fences. For example, during just the first weekend of September 2006, more than 1,300 illegal immigrants arrived on beaches in the Canary Islands[20] and estimates are that between 50,000 and 70,000 people enter the European Union illegally through Spanish borders or beaches. Border fences have been built at both the Ceuta and Melilla borders in an attempt to stop illegal entrance to the country. Illegal immigration is an issue in Spanish politics, and also a big human rights problem, since many people die during the journey. Spain has been Europe's largest absorber of migrants for the past six years, with its immigrant population increasing fourfold as 2.8 million people have arrived, mostly from Latin America. Spectacular growth in Spain's immigrant population came as the country's economy created more than half of all the new jobs in the European Union between 2001 and 2006.[21]

The net migration rate for the EU in 2008 was 3.1 per 1,000 inhabitants;[22] this figure is for migration into and out of the European Union, and therefore excludes any internal movements between member states. Annual net migration has varied from 1.5 to 2.0 million people since 2003.[22]

Шаблон:Table alignment

Country Population 2010
(1000) 		Foreign-born
(1000) 		% Born in
other EU state
(1000) 		% Born in a
non-EU state
(1000) 		%[23]
Шаблон:Flagicon Old EU-27 501,098 47,348 9.4 15,980 3.2 31,368 6.3
Шаблон:Flag 81,802 9,812 12.0 3,396 4.2 6,415 7.8
Шаблон:Flag 64,716 7,196 11.1 2,118 3.3 5,078 7.8
Шаблон:Flag 45,989 6,422 14.0 2,328 5.1 4,094 8.9
Шаблон:Flag 60,340 4,798 8.0 1,592 2.6 3,205 6.5
Шаблон:Flag 16,575 1,832 11.1 428 2.6 1,404 8.5
Шаблон:Flag 11,305 1,256 11.1 315 2.8 940 8.3
Шаблон:Flag 9,340 1,337 14.3 477 5.1 859 10.2
Шаблон:Flag 8,367 1,276 15.2 512 6.1 764 9.1
Шаблон:Flag 10,666 1,380 12.9 695 6.5 927.6 7.3
Шаблон:Flag 10,637 793 7.5 191 1.8 602 5.7
Шаблон:Flag 5,534 500 9.0 152 2.8 348 6.3

Vital statistics

27 countries (from 2020)

Since 2020, EU data is aggregated for the 27 remaining states. UK is no longer a member due to Brexit. Population is reported on 1 January[24]

Шаблон:Sticky headerШаблон:Table alignment

Year Population Births Deaths Natural
change 		Birth
rate
(/1000) 		Death
rate
(/1000) 		Natural
change
(/1000) 		Migration
change
(/1000) 		Fertility
rate
1960 355,557,414 6,642,919 3,585,994 3,056,925 Шаблон:Blue 10.1 8.6 0.9 2.6
1961 358,917,677 6,657,429 Шаблон:Blue 3,148,629 18.5 9.8 Шаблон:Blue 0.6
1962 362,292,099 6,600,463 3,721,195 2,879,268 18.2 10.3 7.9 1.7
1963 365,754,385 6,715,244 3,723,423 2,991,821 18.4 10.2 8.2 0.5
1964 368,938,389 Шаблон:Blue 3,622,925 Шаблон:Blue 18.4 9.8 8.6 -0.3
1965 371,982,334 6,640,838 3,751,106 2,889,732 17.9 10.1 7.8 0 2.7
1966 374,882,363 6,578,243 3,718,683 2,859,560 17.5 9.9 7.6 -0.1
1967 377,698,630 6,718,346 3,811,566 2,906,780 17.8 10.1 7.7 Шаблон:Red
1968 380,351,144 6,610,324 3,951,103 2,659,221 17.4 10.4 7.0 -0.1
1969 382,976,404 6,482,385 4,079,386 2,402,999 16.9 10.7 6.3 -0.7
1970 385,137,827 6,302,419 3,986,877 2,315,542 16.4 10.4 6.0 -0.5 2.4
1971 387,270,862 6,303,901 4,047,311 2,256,590 16.3 10.5 5.8 1.0
1972 389,902,199 6,152,597 3,995,901 2,156,696 15.8 10.2 5.5 1.0
1973 392,434,984 6,032,514 4,079,758 1,952,756 15.4 10.4 5.0 1.0
1974 394,804,887 6,098,560 4,046,095 2,052,465 15.4 10.2 5.2 0.2
1975 396,936,395 5,961,857 4,163,866 1,797,991 15.0 10.5 4.5 0.7 2.0
1976 399,002,351 5,927,646 4,163,979 1,763,667 14.9 10.4 4.4 0.4
1977 400,935,349 5,860,777 4,096,398 1,764,379 14.6 10.2 4.4 0.2
1978 402,782,640 5,774,451 4,171,363 1,603,088 14.3 10.4 4.0 0.4
1979 404,564,541 5,730,006 4,144,125 1,585,881 14.2 10.2 3.9 0.7
1980 406,417,979 5,720,295 4,250,071 1,470,224 14.1 10.5 3.6 0.6 1.8
1981 408,131,851 5,591,081 4,217,650 1,373,431 13.7 10.3 3.4 0.0
1982 409,501,178 5,523,341 4,183,575 1,339,766 13.5 10.2 3.3 -0.7
1983 410,557,063 5,355,464 4,304,514 1,050,950 13.0 10.5 2.6 -0.4
1984 411,456,968 5,318,550 4,233,094 1,085,456 12.9 10.3 2.6 -0.3
1985 412,391,874 5,264,500 4,335,723 928,777 12.8 10.5 2.3 0.3 1.6
1986 413,482,162 5,243,235 4,296,210 947,025 12.7 10.4 2.3 0.5
1987 414,653,514 5,193,167 4,242,345 950,822 12.5 10.2 2.3 0.9
1988 415,967,079 5,221,160 4,246,582 974,578 12.6 10.2 2.3 1.1
1989 417,372,976 5,123,258 4,265,774 857,484 12.3 10.2 2.1 1.2
1990 418,764,395 5,095,162 4,324,569 770,593 12.2 10.3 1.8 1.1 1.5
1991 419,958,792 4,950,436 4,350,854 599,582 11.8 10.4 1.4 1.5
1992 421,163,060 4,837,349 4,304,019 533,330 11.5 10.2 0.7 2.5
1993 422,508,788 4,691,242 4,367,728 323,514 11.1 10.3 0.8 1.6
1994 423,532,766 4,562,253 4,314,434 247,819 10.8 10.2 0.6 1.2
1995 424,301,173 4,448,929 4,355,217 93,712 10.5 10.3 0.2 1.3 1.4
1996 424,957,650 4,453,778 4,361,669 92,109 10.5 10.3 0.2 1.2
1997 425,560,270 4,446,644 4,316,381 130,263 10.4 10.1 0.3 4.8
1998 427,740,621 4,420,951 4,329,087 91,864 10.3 10.1 0.2 1.4
1999 428,431,186 4,418,622 4,331,000 87,622 10.3 10.1 0.2 1.0
2000 428,929,021 4,487,745 4,267,048 220,697 10.5 9.9 0.5 0.8 1.5
2001 429,481,944 4,393,825 4,231,178 162,647 10.2 9.9 0.4 1.9 Шаблон:Red
2002 430,456,663 4,364,928 4,284,989 79,939 10.1 10.0 0.2 3.3 Шаблон:Red
2003 431,976,112 4,384,916 4,373,650 11,266 10.2 10.1 0.0 3.7 1.44
2004 433,589,156 4,441,177 4,190,920 250,257 10.2 Шаблон:Blue 0.6 2.9 1.46
2005 435,116,254 4,454,301 4,288,668 165,633 10.2 9.9 0.4 2.8 1.47
2006 436,521,866 4,515,537 4,224,330 291,207 10.3 9.7 0.7 2.7 1.50
2007 437,984,240 4,551,180 4,271,736 279,444 10.4 9.8 0.6 2.6 1.52
2008 439,386,639 4,675,051 4,312,237 362,814 10.6 9.8 0.8 1.6 1.57
2009 440,426,387 4,622,368 4,341,741 280,627 10.5 9.9 0.6 0.8 1.56
2010 441,041,446 4,603,858 4,344,647 259,211 10.4 -2.4 0.6 1.1 1.57
2011 440,260,386 4,458,386 4,318,817 139,569 10.1 9.8 1.1 0.4 1.54
2012 440,905,186 4,417,656 4,441,347 Шаблон:Red 10.0 10.1 Шаблон:Red 2.5 1.54
2013 441,958,943 4,303,313 4,419,258 Шаблон:Red 9.7 10.0 Шаблон:Red 2.4 1.51
2014 442,883,888 4,361,239 4,372,607 Шаблон:Red 9.8 9.9 Шаблон:Red 1.8 1.54
2015 443,666,812 4,330,922 4,620,411 Шаблон:Red 9.7 10.4 Шаблон:Red 3.3 1.54
2016 444,802,830 4,379,549 4,534,200 Шаблон:Red 9.8 10.2 Шаблон:Red 1.9 1.57
2017 445,534,430 4,328,560 4,661,081 Шаблон:Red 9.7 10.5 Шаблон:Red 2.3 1.56
2018 446,208,557 4,245,710 4,693,576 Шаблон:Red 9.5 10.5 Шаблон:Red 1.5 1.54
2019 446,446,444 4,168,656 4,653,033 Шаблон:Red 9.3 10.4 Шаблон:Red 3.1 1.53
2020 447,319,916 4,071,380 5,184,077 Шаблон:Red 9.1 11.6 Шаблон:Red 2.0 1.50
2021 Шаблон:Red 4,086,056 Шаблон:Red Шаблон:Red 9.1 Шаблон:Red Шаблон:Red 1.7 1.53
2022 Шаблон:Red Шаблон:Red 5,148,595 Шаблон:Red Шаблон:Red 11.5 -2.8 6.9
2023 Шаблон:Blue

Religion

Шаблон:Main

The EU has significant religious diversity, mirroring its diverse history and culture. The largest religious group professes Christianity and accounts for 64% of the EU population in 2019,[25] down from 72% in 2012.[26] Largest Christian groups are Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Several EU nations do not have a Christian majority and for example in Estonia and the Czech Republic the majority have no religious affiliation.

European countries have experienced a decline in church attendance as well as a decline in the number of people professing a religious belief. The 2010 Eurobarometer Poll found that, on average, 51% of the citizens of EU Member States state that they believe there is a God, 26% believe there is some sort of spirit or life force and 20% don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force. 3% declined to answer.[27] These figures show a 2% change from theism to atheism since 2005.[26]

European indigenous (or native) religions are still alive in small and diverse minorities, and some have been revived as Neo-pagan traditions.[28][29] These include, but are not limited to, Sámi neo-shamanism, Danish Asatro,[30] and the Estonian Шаблон:Lang movement.[28]

The recent influx of immigrants to the affluent EU nations has brought in various religions of their native homelands, including Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and the Baháʼí Faith. Judaism has had a long history in Europe and has coexisted with the other religions for centuries, despite periods of persecution or genocide by European rulers. Islam too has had a long history in Europe, with Spain and Portugal at one time having a Muslim majority.[31] Large Muslim populations also exist in the Balkans and parts of Eastern Europe, due to a legacy of centuries of Ottoman rule.

Language

Шаблон:Main The first official language of each of the 27 Member Countries has the status of an official language of the European Union. In total there are 24, with Irish, Bulgarian and Romanian gaining official language status on 1 January 2007, when the last two countries joined the European Union, and Croatian becoming official in 2013.

Before Brexit, English was the most spoken language in the EU, being spoken by around 51% of its population. This high proportion is because 38% of EU citizens speak it as a language other than their mother tongue (i.e. second or foreign language).[32] German is the most spoken first language, spoken by more than 20% of the population following Brexit.

Demographic future

Шаблон:Main The EU faces challenges in its demographic future. Most concerns center around several related issues: an ageing population, growing life expectancy and immigrant flow.

After hitting a historical low of 1.47 children born per female, the total fertility rate of the EU started to increase again, to reach a level of 1.60 in 2008.[33] The positive trend was observed in all member states with the exception of Luxembourg, Malta and Portugal. The largest increases over this period were observed in Bulgaria (from 1.23 children per woman in 2003 to 1.57 in 2009), Slovenia (from 1.20 to 1.53), the Czech Republic (from 1.18 to 1.49) and Lithuania (from 1.26 to 1.55).[33] In 2009, the Member States with the highest fertility rates were Ireland (2.06), France (2.00), Sweden (1.94), and the United Kingdom (1.90), all approaching the replacement level of 2.1 children born per female.[33] The lowest rates were observed in Latvia (1.31), Hungary and Portugal (both 1.32) and Germany (1.36). The increasing fertility rate has also been accompanied by an upward trend in the natural increase of the population which is due to the moderate increase of the crude birth rate that reached 10.9 births per 1000 inhabitants in 2008, an increase of 0.3 compared with 2007. The increase was observed in all member countries except Germany. The EU crude death rate remained stable at 9.7 per 1000 inhabitants.[22] The relatively low fertility rate means retirement age workers are not entirely replaced by younger workers joining the workforce. The EU faces a potential future dominated by an ever-increasing population of retired citizens, without enough younger workers to fund (via taxes) retirement programs or other state welfare agendas.[34]

A low fertility rate, without supplement from immigration, also suggests a declining overall EU population,[35] which further suggests economic contraction or even a possible economic crisis.[36] Some media have noted the 'baby crisis' in the EU,[37] some governments have noted the problem,[38] and the UN and other multinational authorities have warned of a possible crisis.[39] At this point however such a decrease in the population of the EU is not observed as the overall natural growth remains positive and the EU continues to attract large numbers of immigrants. In 2010, a breakdown of the population by citizenship showed that there were 20.1 million foreign citizens living in the EU representing 4% of the population.[33]

Over the last 50 years, life expectancy at birth in the EU27 has increased by around 10 years for both women and men, to reach 82.4 years for women and 76.4 years for men in 2008. The life expectancy at birth rose in all Member States, with the largest increases for both women and men recorded in Estonia and Slovenia.[33]

Population projections

In 2017, Eurostat released yearly projections up to 2080.

The table figures below are in thousands.[40]

Шаблон:Sticky headerШаблон:Table alignment

Country 2015 2040 %
change 		2080 %
change
Шаблон:Flagicon EU-28 (including UK) 508,401 528,357 3.9% 518,798 -2.0%
Шаблон:Flag 8,576 10,087 17.6% 10,072 17.4%
Шаблон:Flag 11,208 12,844 14.6% 14,189 26.6%
Шаблон:Flag 7,202 5,933 -17.6% 4,593 -36.2%
Шаблон:Flag 847 954 12.6% 1,004 18.5%
Шаблон:Flag 10,538 10,552 0.1% 9,777 -7.2%
Шаблон:Flag 5,659 6,564 16.0% 6,858 21.2%
Шаблон:Flag 1,313 1,283 -2.3% 1,140 -13.2%
Шаблон:Flag 5,471 5,722 4.6% 5,577 1.9%
Шаблон:Flag 66,415 72,915 9.8% 78,688 18.5%
Шаблон:Flag 81,197 84,133 3.6% 77,793 -4.2%
Шаблон:Flag 10,858 9,419 -13.3% 7,264 -33.1%
Шаблон:Flag 9,855 9,471 -3.9% 8,691 -11.8%
Шаблон:Flag 4,628 5,396 16.6% 6,220 34.4%
Шаблон:Flag 60,795 59,982 -1.3% 53,784 -11.5%
Шаблон:Flag 1,986 1,598 -19.5% 1,284 -35.3%
Шаблон:Flag 2,921 2,128 -27.1% 1,658 -43.2%
Шаблон:Flag 562 860 53.0% 1,066 89.7%
Шаблон:Flag 429 505 17.7% 517 20.5%
Шаблон:Flag 16,900 19,035 12.6% 19,728 16.7%
Шаблон:Flag 38,005 35,840 -5.7% 29,044 -23.6%
Шаблон:Flag 10,374 9,553 -7.9% 7,579 -26.9%
Шаблон:Flag 19,870 17,069 -14.0% 14,530 -26.8%
Шаблон:Flag 5,421 5,373 -0.9% 4,714 -13.0%
Шаблон:Flag 2,062 2,066 0.2% 1,938 -6.0%
Шаблон:Flag 46,449 48,244 3.9% 50,988 9.8%
Шаблон:Flag 9,747 11,994 23.1% 14,388 47.6%

Ethnic composition

Шаблон:Main There is no precise or universally accepted definition of the terms "ethnic group" or "nationality". In the context of European ethnography in particular, the terms ethnic group, people (without nation state), nationality, national minority, ethnic minority, linguistic community, linguistic group and linguistic minority are used as mostly synonymous, although preference may vary in usage with respect to the situation specific to the individual countries of Europe.[41]

Defining ethnic composition requires defining ethnic minority groups. European Commission, funded the European Social Survey which considered three different way to define ethnic minority groups:

  • citizenship is the traditional criteria in the EU, it might be meaningful in western Europe and meaningless in eastern Europe and the USA
  • country of birth in combination with country of birth of the parents gives three classes: native background, western foreign background, and non-western background with two levels: first generation (foreign born) and second generation (born in the country)
  • membership to one member country minority group.[42]

However main legal EU statistics published by Eurostat focus on citizenship and country of birth.

Ethnicity based on nationality

The largest groups that account for about 400 million people in the European Union are:

  1. Шаблон:Flagicon Germany (c. 80 million of whom 65,38 million ethno-cultural Germans)
  2. Шаблон:Flagicon France (c. 65 million)[43]
  3. Шаблон:Flagicon Italy (c. 60 million)
  4. Шаблон:Flagicon Spain (c. 45 million)
  5. Шаблон:Flagicon Poland (c. 42 million)
  6. Шаблон:Flagicon Romania (c. 20 million) (not counting Moldovans and Aromanians)
  7. Шаблон:Flagicon Netherlands (c. 17.2 million)
  8. Шаблон:Flagicon Greece (c. 13 million)
  9. Шаблон:Flagicon Belgium (c. 11.4 million)
  10. Шаблон:Flagicon Portugal (c. 10.8 million)
  11. Шаблон:Flagicon Czech Republic (c. 10.5 million)

The rest are various smaller ethnic groups include Swedes (c. 10.2  million), Hungary (c. 9.8 million), Austrians (c. 8.8 million), Bulgaria (c. 8 million) Flemish, Croats, Slovaks, Silesians, Danes, Finns, Irish, Walloons, Lithuanians, Slovenes, Latvians, Estonians, Russians, Maltese, Moravians, Frisians and Basques.

More than 5 million ethnic groups

  1. Шаблон:Flagicon Sweden (c. 10.2 million)
  2. Шаблон:Flagicon Hungary (c. 9.8 million)
  3. Шаблон:Flagicon Austria (c. 8.8 million)
  4. About 6.3 million Irish people live in (the Republic of) Ireland and Northern Ireland.
  5. Some 6 million Romani people live in various parts of the EU.[44]
  6. Шаблон:Flagicon Denmark (c. 5.8 million)
  7. Шаблон:Flagicon Finland (c. 5.5 million).
  8. Шаблон:Flagicon Slovakia (c. 5.4 million).

On current trends European populations will become more ethnically diverse, with the possibility that today's majority ethnic groups will no longer comprise a numerical majority in some countries.[45]

In 2011, almost a quarter of new EU citizens were Moroccans, Turks, Ecuadorian or Indians. The new citizens in the old EU27 in 2011 were mainly Africans (26% of the total number of citizenships acquired), Asians (23%), non-EU27 Europeans (19%), North and South Americans (17%) or another EU27 Member State (11%). In 2011, the largest groups that acquired citizenship of an EU27 Member State were citizens of Morocco (64 300 persons, of which 55% acquired citizenship of France or Spain), Turkey (48 900, 58% acquired German citizenship), Ecuador (33 700, 95% acquired Spanish citizenship) and India (31 700, 83% acquired British citizenship).[46]

In 2012, 34.3 million foreign citizens lived in the old 27 European Union member states, accounting for 6.8% of the European Union population,[47] of whom 20.5 million were third country nationals (i.e. nationals of non-EU countries). The number of foreign-born (which includes those who have naturalised or are dual nationals) was 48.9 million or 9.7 per cent of the total population.[48]

A total of 8.0 million citizens from European countries outside of the old EU-27 were residing in the EU at the beginning of 2012; among these more than half were citizens of Turkey, Albania or Ukraine. The next biggest group was from Africa (24.5%), followed by Asia (22.0%), the Americas (14.2%) and Oceania (0.8%). Romanians (living in another EU Member State) and Turkish citizens made up the biggest groups of non-nationals living in the EU-27 in 2012. There were 4.4 million Romanian citizens living outside of Romania within the EU-27 and 2.3 million Turkish citizens living in the EU-27; each of these two groups of people accounted for 7.0% of all foreigners living in the EU-27 in 2012. The third largest group was Moroccans (1.9 million people, or 5.6% of all foreigners).[49]

Approximately 20 million non-Europeans live in the EU, 4% of the overall population prior to Brexit.[50]

Miscellaneous statistics

Файл:Healthy life expectancy bar chart -European Union.png
Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the European Union in 2019[4]
Файл:Healthy life expectancy bar chart -European Union -sex.png
Elaboration by sex[4]

Age structure: (2006 est.)

  • 0–14 years: 16.03% (male 37,608,010/female 35,632,351)
  • 15–64 years: 67.17% (male 154,439,536/female 152,479,619)
  • 65 years and over: 16.81% (male 31,515,921/female 45,277,821)

Birth rate: 10.9 births/1,000 population (2008)[51]

Death rate: 9.7 deaths/1,000 population (2008)[51]

Net migration rate: 3.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008)[51]

Marriage rate: 4.9 marriages/1,000 population (2007)[51]

Divorce rate: 2.0 divorces/1,000 population (2005)[52]

Sex ratio: (2006 est.)

  • at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • 15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and older: 0.69 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.96 male(s)/female

Infant mortality rate: (2005)[52]

  • total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
  • male: N/A
  • female: N/A

Life expectancy: (2005)[52]

  • total population: 78.9 years
  • male: 75.8 years
  • female: 81.9 years

Total fertility rate: 1.59 children born/woman 2009[53]

Live Births outside marriage: 40% of total live births in 2012[54]

See also

The demographics of the member states of the European Union: Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Demographics of Europe Шаблон:European Union topics

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Pop2022 не указан текст
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ 6.5% of the EU population are foreigners and 9.4% were born abroad Шаблон:Webarchive, Eurostat, Katya VASILEVA, 34/2011.
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Canaries migrant surge tops 1,300 BBC News, 4 September 2006. Retrieved 4 September 2006.
  21. ↑ Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun, The Guardian. Retrieved 26 July 2006.
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 Шаблон:Citation
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Hourani, Albert, History of the Arab Peoples, Faber & Faber, 2002, Шаблон:ISBN
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 33,3 33,4 Demography Report 2010. Latest figures on the demographic challenges in the EU Шаблон:Webarchive Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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  41. ↑ Pan and Pfeil (2004), "Problems with Terminology", pp. xvii–xx.
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ Pan and Pfeil (2004) give 55 million for the French-speaking groups, excluding the Occitans. Recensement officiel de l'Insee INSEE.fr give 65 million. Шаблон:Webarchive
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ 51,0 51,1 51,2 51,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  52. ↑ 52,0 52,1 52,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  54. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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